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Ch. 17 Phys. Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Element | any pure substance that is made of only one kind of atom. |
| Aristotle believed in what 4 elements? | Air, Fire, Earth, and Water |
| Isaac Newton, Robert Boyle, and Antoine Lavoisier believed... | True scientific knowledge is gained by observing, experimenting, and reasoning |
| Liquids | Mercury (Hg), Bromine (Br) |
| Gases | Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn) |
| Monotomic elements | Have ONE atom in natural state. He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Ra |
| Diatomic elements | Have TWO atoms in natural state. H, N, O, Fl, Cl, Br, I |
| Dmitri Mendeleev | Arranged the periodic table as it is today-discovered blank spots in the periodic table |
| Johann Dobereiner (1829) | placed the elements in order of increasing MASS |
| Periodicity | the repetition of certain properties at regular intervals when elements were placed in order of atomic MASS. |
| Henry Mosley | arranged elements in order of increasing atomic number |
| Group -> | period |
| Family (up/down) | series |
| Group tells | how many valence electrons an element has |
| Traits of metals | luster (shiny), malleable (can be molded), conduct electricity, ductile |
| Traits of non-metals | LACK luster, brittle, DON'T conduct electricity, NOT ductile |
| horizontal rows are called | periods or series |
| The period number tells | how many electrons are in an atoms outer shell in their GROUND STATE |
| Example...Sulfer is in the 3rd period, how many energy levels does it have? | 3 |
| The more energy levels an atom has... | the LARGER it is |
| Atomic diameter goes.. | Largest -> smallest and smallest (at the top) to largest (at the bottom) |
| Group number tells | how many energy levels and atom has |
| only _ electrons can fit in the first energy level | 2 |
| ca+ions are | positive + |
| anions are e g a t i v e | negative - |
| Bonds: | taken, not shared |
| Metal/non-metal= | ionic bond |
| Electron affinity | deals with the strength of attraction of electrons to UNBONDED atoms |
| Electronegativity | deals with an atom's ability to attract and hold electrons when BONDED to other atoms |
| Covalent bonds | non-metal/non-metal -> sharing electrons |
| metallic bonds | metal/metal -> everyone shares the electons |
| Electron sea theory | Atoms with weak electronegativities usually have only a few loosely held valence electrons. |
Created by:
holcombashlyn
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