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PSYC
Chapter 12 Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Personality | A pattern of enduring distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way and individual adapts to the world. |
| Id | Instinct and reservoir of psychic energy, pleasure principal |
| Ego | Deals with the demands of reality |
| Superego | Moral branch of personality, "conscience" |
| Freud | Unconsciousness, early life experiences, sex-drive, dream interpretations, hysteria, PSYCHOANALYSIS, iceberg |
| Overdetermined | Multiple unconscious causes |
| Repression | Foundation for all defense mechanisms, push unacceptable impulses out of awareness (fundamental) |
| Rationalization | The ego replaces a less acceptable motive with a more acceptable one |
| Displacement | The ego shifts feelings toward an unacceptable object to another, more acceptable object object |
| Sublimination | The ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially acceptable one. (slightly positive) |
| Projection | The ego attributes personal shortcomings, problems, and faults to others |
| Reaction formation | The ego transforms and unacceptable motive into it's oppisite |
| Denial | The ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety- producing realities |
| Regression | The ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period in the face of stress |
| Oral Stage | Infant pleasure centers on the mouth |
| Anal Stage | Child's pleasure involves eliminative functions |
| Phallic Stages | Child's pleasure focuses on the genitals. Oedipal complex, castration anxiety. |
| Latency Stage | Psychic "time-out", interest in sexuality repressed |
| Genital Stage | Sexual reawakening, source of sexual pleasure is someone else |
| Fixation | Remain locked in particular developmental stage |
| Karen Horney's Sociocultural Approach | Both sexes envy the attributes of the other. Need for security, not sex, is primary motivator |
| Carl Jungs Analytical Theory | Collective unconscious and archetypes |
| Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology | Perfection, not pleasure, is key motivator |
| Humanistic Perspectives | Emphasis on a person's capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities |
| Abraham Maslow | "Third-force" Psychology, self-actualization, peak experiences, biased since focus was on highly successful individuals |
| Carl Rogers | Personal growth and self- determination, unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuineness |
| Trait | An eduring disposition that leads to characteristic response, seen as building blocks for personality |
| Trait theories | People can be described by their typical behavior |
| Gordon Allport | Personality understood through traits, behavior consistent across situations, lexical approach, 4500 traits |
| WT Norman | Five factor model, Broad traits- main definition of personality |
| CANOE | Conscientious, Agreeable, Neuroticism, Openness, Extraversion |
| Personalogical Perspectives | Focusing on an individual's life history or life story |
| Henry Murray | Motives are largely unconscious, thematic apperception test, |
| Personology | The study of the whole person |
| Dan McAdams | Our life story is our identity, intimacy motivation |
| Psycobiography | Applying personality theory to one person's life |
| Albert Bandura | Emphasized consciousness and unconsciousness. Beliefs, expectations, and goals. Incorporates from behaviorism. Reciprocal determinism. Behavior, environment, and cognitive factors interact to create personality. |
| Key Processes and Variables in Reciprocal determinism | Observational learning, personal control, self-efficacy |
| Situationalism | Behavior and personality vary considerable across context |
| CAPS model of personality | Cognitive affective processing system, stability over time rather than across situations, interconnections among cognitions and emotions affect our behavior. |
| Personality and the brain | Brain damage alters personality, Brain responses correlate with personality. |
| Hans Eysenk's Reticular Activation System Theory | Extraverts and introverts have different base-line levels of arousal |
| Empirically-Keyed tests | used to get around social desirability problem. Test takers do not know what is being measured, test items not related to purpose of test. MMPI 2 is an example |
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory | 567, controls for social desirability, assesses mental health and use to make hiring decisions and to determine critical risk |
| Myers Briggs Type Indicator | -ESFJ is me! Based on Jung , Barnum effect |
| Rorschach Inkblot Test | Personality score based on description of inkblots, questionable reliability and validity. |
| Thematic Apperception Test | Series of Ambiguous pictures viewed one at a time, elicited stories reveals an individual's personality. |
Created by:
tstrange
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