Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MS Pulmonary
lecture & independent study
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| respiration | gas exchange in body |
| ventilation | mass exchange of air in & out of body during inspiration & expiration |
| mm of inspiration | diaphram, scalenes & parasternal intercostals |
| mm of expiration | sternocleidomastoid, upper trap, pec major & minor & subclavious |
| mm during exertion | pec maj, quadratus laborum, internal intercostals |
| mm during forced expiration | abs |
| direction of chest expansion w/inspiration | up and out |
| compliance | how easy lungs inflate w/inspiration (fibrosis may inhibit- so may emphysema |
| airway resistance | depends on diameter of lumen in airways (smaller = increased resistance- increases w/asthma, bronospasm or mucus) |
| flow rates | amount of air moved in & out of airway in an amount of time -COPD decreases flow rate |
| upper respiratory | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx - cleas & warms & moistens air |
| lower respiratory | airways of trachiobronchial tree- 23 branches & lungs |
| # of lobes in R lung | 3 & 10 bronchopulmonary segments |
| # of lobes in L lung | 2 & lingula & 8 bronchopulmonary segments |
| pleura | covers lungs (visceral)/ lines inside thoracic wall (parietal) |
| mental status | level of consciousness or awareness- alert, responsive, or cooperative vs lethargic, disoriented or inattentive |
| color | cyanosis (bluish appearance) perifpherally (nailbeds) or centrally (lips) |
| shape of chest | barrel, pectus excavatum (funnel breast), pectus carinatum (pigeon breast) |
| barrel chest | circumference of upper chest appears larger than that of lower chest. COPD |
| pectus excavatum | funnel breast- lower part of sternum is depressed and the lower ribs flare out |
| pectus carinatum | pigeon breast-sternum is prominent and protrudes anteriorly |
| posture | often leans fwd on hands or forearms to stabilize and elevate the shd girdle to assist with inspiration |
| preferred sleeping position | increased HOB |
| dyspnea | distressed, labored breathing as the result of shortness of breath |
| tachypnea | rapid, shallow breathing; associated w/ restrictive or obstructive lung dx and use of accessory mm for inspiration |
| bradypnea | slow rate with shallow or normal depth and regular rhythm; may be associated with drug OD |
| hyperventilation | deep, rapid respiration; increase tidal volume and increased rate of respiration, regular rhythem |
| orthopnea | difficulty breathing in supine |
| apnea | cessation of breathing in expiratory phase |
| apneusis | cessation of breathing in inspiratory phase |
| cheyne-stokes | cycles of gradually increasing tidal volumes followed by a series of gradually decreasing tidal volumes and then a period of apnea. this is sometimes seen in the pt w/ a severe head injury |
| crackles/rales | fine, discontinuous sounds (similar to the sound of bubbles popping) primarily head during inspiration |
| wheeze/rhonchi | continuous & more during expiration-whistle |
| coughing strength/depth | weak, shallow, soft, throaty or ineffective |
| frequency/duration | a sudden onset of cough or sustained cough often is described as paroxysmal or spasmodic |
| productive | the productivity of the cough and secretions produced by the cough should be assessed |
| color of secretions | clear, yellow, green, blood stained |
| consistency of secretions | viscous, thin, frothy |
| amount of secretions | minimal to copious |
| odor | no odor to foul-smelling |
| other areas of examinatino | ROM esp shd, strength, functional mobility, assistive devices, suctioning |
| Types of pulmonary dx | Obstructive & restrictive |
| types of obstructive | COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, bronchiectasis, cyctic fibrosus & broncho pulmonary dysplasia |
| S & S of obstructive | increased mucous, narrowing/destruction airways, destruction of alveoli, bronchial walls, inability to effectively remove air from lungs, trouble breathing out |
| S&S of restrictive | hard to breathe in, inability to fully expand lungs, pain, stiffness, postural deformity, mm wk & paralysis, |
| types of restrictive | pheumonia, TB, tumor, pulmonary edema or embolism |
| most common cause of death with COPD | respiratory failure |
| contraindications for postural drainage | severe hemoptysis (bloody spit), untreated acute conditions- severe pulmonary edema, CHF, large pleural effusion, pulmonary embolism, pneumothroax |
| rx procedures | check VS, practice positions, percussion/vibration, coughing, VS |
| diaphragmatic breathing | anything but quadriplegic |
| pursed lip breathing | more for obstructive |
| glossopharyngeal breathing | just for quadriplegic or ventilator |
| chest mobilization ex's | can use on anybody |
| teach effective cough | use on anyone except high level quadriplegic |
| cough with splinting | chest sx |
| manual assist cough & suctioning | mainly for quadriplegic |
| incentive spirometry | not for obstructive issues |
| sleep apnea | main cause obesity, dx w/ polysomnography, rx w/wt loss & CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) device used @ night |
| pulmonary tuberculosis type of damage to lungs | granulomas lead to caseous necrosis leads to cavity formation |
| pathogen causing TB | mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| mode of transmission of TB | aerosol droplets exhaled by infected individuals |
| risk factors for TB | weakened immune sys, international connections, substance abuse, poor (cramped, poorly ventilated housing) |
| symptoms of TB | may be asymtomatic, onset insidious- cough, lassitude, malaise, hemoptysis, fatigability, night sweats, anorexia, afternoon fever, wt decrease, pleuritic chest pn, wheezing |
| dx TB | SPUTUM ANALYSIS, PE, chest x-ray, or CT scan, bronchoscopy & positive teberculin test |
| meds for TB | antibiotics-give for 6-9 months, cause n & v |
| isolation for TB | bed rest & isolation, we would need custom fitted mask- neg pressure rooms |
| lung abcess | area of necrotized lung tissue containing purulent material-more frequent in lower dependent portions of lungs & in R lung which has more vertical bronchus |
| pneumothorax | collection of air or gas in pleural cavity |
| pleurisy | inflammation of visceral (inner) & parietal (outer) pleural membranes that envelope each lung-feels like heart attack, sharp pn limits mvmt on affected side of chest, pn worse with inspiration, cough or sneeze |
| pneumoconiosis | inhaling bad stuff a long time. most common silicosis |
| atelectasis | complete or partial collapse of lung-allows unoxygenated blood to pass unchanged thru the area-produces hypoxia-result of pneumothorax |
| pulmonary fibrosis | scarring of lungs-tissue thickened & stiff |
| flail chest | compound fx of 2 or more ribs on same side |
| ARDS (acute respiratory distress) | acute respiratory failure secondary to severe trauma, disease in the body. rx problem, mechanical ventilation. prognosis guarded |
| tidal volume | amount of air exchange in relaxed inspiration & expiration |
| vital capacity | sum of tidal volume & inspiratory reserve volume & expiratory reserve volume |
Created by:
jessigirrl4
Popular Physical Therapy sets