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Pharmacology Test #2
Bowel Disorder Drugs - Anayansi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how long does acute diarrhea last? | 3 days to 2 weeks |
| how long does chronic diarrhea last? | 3-4 weeks |
| causes of acute diarrhea? | bacteria, viruses, drug induced, nutrition factors, protozoa |
| causes of chronic diarrhea? | tumors, diabetes mellitus, addison's disease, hyperthyroidism, irritable bowel, AIDS |
| what do adsorbents do? | coat the walls of the GI tract |
| how do adsorbents work? | they bind to the causative bacteria or toxin which is then eliminated through the stool |
| examples of adsorbents: | pepto-bismol, activated charcoal, aluminum hydroxide |
| how do anticholinergics work? | decrease intestinal muscle tone and peristalsis of GI tract |
| what is the result of anticholnergics? | slows movement of fecal matter through the GI tract |
| Belladonna alkaloids is what class of antidiarrheal? | anticholinergic |
| what are some adverse effects of anticholinergics? | urinary retention, headache, dizziness, confusion, anxiety, drowsiness, dry skin, flushing, blurred vision, hypotension, bradycardia, glaucoma, GI obstructions, myasthenia gravis, paralytic ileum, toxic megacolon |
| what are some adverse effects of opiates | drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression, hypotension, urinary retention, flushing |
| what are some adverse effects of adsorbents? | increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stools, confusion, tinnitus, metallic taste, blue tongue |
| what are some contraindications of belladonna alkaloids? | narrow-angle glaucoma, GI obstruction, myasthenia gravis, paralysis ileum and toxic megacolon |
| adsorbents decrease the adsorption of which medications? | dogoxin, quinidine, hypoglycemic drugs |
| adsorbents can cause toxic effects on what medication? | methotrexate |
| what medication is contraindicated for children or teenagers with chicken pox or influenza because of the risk of Reye's syndrome? | bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol) |
| what are the types of laxatives? | bulk forming, emollient, hyperosmotic, saline, stimulant |
| Bulk forming adverse effects? | impaction, fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, esophageal blockage |
| Emollient adverse effects? | skin rashes, decreased absorption of vitamins, electrolyte imbalances, lipid pneumonia |
| Hyperosmotic adverse effects? | abdomina bloating, electrolyte imbalances, rectal irritation |
| Saline adverse effects? | magnesium toxicity, cramping, electrolyte imbalances, diarrhea, increased thirst |
| Stimulant adverse effects? | nutrient malabsorption, skin rashes, gastric irritation, electrolyte imbalances, discolored urine, rectal irritation |
| before giving medications for irritable bowel syndrome, what general assessments should be checked first? | liver functioning and cardiac disease |
| lactulose can be given to a patient who does not have history of constipation, why? | to reduce high ammonia levels associated with liver failure |
Created by:
arflwr25
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