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PSY 401

Evolutionary Theory

QuestionAnswer
Who is Erasmus Darwin? Charles Darwin's grandfather. He proposed evolution as inheritance of acquired characteristics, and that all traits develop from a need.
Jean Baptist Lamarck (1744-1829) proposed several mechanisms as driving forces of evolution. Describe progressionism. Steady linear advance from simple to complex species.
Describe Lamarck's idea of Transmutation of Species. Characteristics of a species change based on external conditions. ~Use/disuse model
How does the use/disuse model work? Individuals lose characteristics they do not require (or use) and develop characteristics that are useful.
What is uniformitarianism? The idea that geological features arose from a gradual process over thousands of years
Charles Darwin sailed on the HMS Beagle (1831-36). Describe his voyage. With Captain Robert Fitz-Roy. He read "Princples of Geology" by Charles Lyell & "Essay on the Principle of Population" Thomas Malthus. Sailed to the Galapagos Islands (Fall, 1835)
What did Charles Darwin propose in his book "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" (1859)? Surplus offspring leads to struggle for survival. Individual differences with survival values are passed to later generations (i.e., adaptive traits).
Darwin's "Descent of Man" (1871) was about? Humans as part of the animal kingdom & the continuity of species
What was the main purpose of "Expressions of Emotions in Man and Animals?" (1872) Emotions are universal and have survival value
Who was James C. Brown and what did he do for Darwin? Allowed Darwin to take pictures of psychotic patients making emotional expressions & compared them to healthy humans. Found there was little to no difference between the two populations. Facial expressions in response to emotions are not socially learned
What would Emil Kraepelin most likely attribute a patient’s depression to? A Biological Dispositions
According to Lamarck, and organisms offspring will inherit ______, thus driving evolution. Characteristics that were strengthened through use by the parent
Charles Darwin's theory about evolution could be considered as a form of inheritance of aquired characteristics? False
Uniformitarianism, as a geological theory, was conceptually _____ with Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection because it suggests that _______. Consistent; moment to moment changes are imperceptible and small
According to Cajal, intelligence is best predicted by The specific connections that exist between neurons
Who would provide data in Titchener’s introspection studies? Participants with 100s of hours of training in the task
What did Kraepelin conclude about substance abuse? The effects of drugs are highly dependent on the substance in question
Charles Darwin thought that emotional responses were: Innate.
Leta Stetter Hollingworth disproved the variability hypothesis which says men are physically and psychologically more variable than women. What did she find? Male infants not more variable on height, weight, cranial measures. Male achievements results from greater vocational options.
Hollingworth's "The Psychology of the Adolescent" (1928) addressed... Continuous development in people
What were some of Herbert Spencer's contributions to the application of evolutionary psychology? Survival of the fittest. ~Social Darwinism - application of evolutionary theory to human society. "Principles of Psychology" (1855)
Describe Francis Galton's contributions to the application of evolutionary psychology. ~Obsession with counting ~Co-relations and their Measurements (1888)- Regression analysis & median/percentile ~Eugenics ~Word Association Test ~Mental Imagery ~Many breakthrough publications
Galton's "English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture" (1876) First use of questionnaire in Psychology
Galton's "Inquiry into Human Faculty and its development" First test battery for twins
Created by: cassidylm34
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