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PS Ch. 17 & 18 Test
Vocabulary for the test 17 and 18
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Monotomic elements | have 1 atom in natural state |
Diatomic Elements | have 2 atoms in the natural state |
Diatomic Elements are | Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine |
Periodicity | The repetition of certain properties at regular intervals when elements were placed in order of atomic mass |
Dmitri Mendeleev | Created the modern Periodic Table |
Henry Moseley | Discovered how to use x-rays to count the protons in an atom's nucleus to find an element's atomic number |
Metals | luster, malleable, conduct electricity, ductile |
Non-metals | lack luster, brittle, don't conduct electricity, not ductile |
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states | All natural processes move toward a state of minimum energy |
What states that atoms are most stable when they have a full 8 electron in their valence energy level | Octet Rule |
Exceptions to the Octet Rule | H, Li, Be, B |
What atoms when they gain and lose electrons | Ions |
Deals with the strength of attraction of electrons to unbonded atoms | Electron Affinity |
Electronegativity | Deals with an atom's ability to attract and hold electrons when bonded to other atoms |
Covalent Bonds | Non-metal/non-metal; share electrons |
Ionic Bonds | Metal/Non-metal; gives and receives electrons |
Metallic Bonds | Metal/Metal; everyone shares the electrons |
Atoms with weak electronegativities have only a few loosely held valence electrons | Electron Sea Theory |