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Adulthood: body/mind
PSYCH 225
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| senescence | a gradual physical decline related to aging. This occurs in everyone and in every body part, but the rate of decline is highly variable within and between persons |
| organ reserve | the extra capacity built into each organ, such as the heart and lungs, that allows a person to cope with extraordinary demands or to withstand organ strain |
| homeostasis | the adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological function in a state of equilibrium, moment by moment. As the body ages, it takes longer for these adjustments to occur, so it become harder for older bodies to adapt to stress |
| allostasis | a dynamic body adjustment, related to homeostasis, that over time affects overall physiology. The main difference is that while homeostasis requires an immediate response, this requires longer-term adjustment |
| infertility | the inability to conceive a child after trying for at least a year |
| in vitro fertilization (IVF) | a technique in which ova (egg cells) are surgically removed from a woman and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory. After the original fertilized cells (the zygotes) have divided several times, they are inserted into the woman's uterus |
| menopause | time in middle age, usu. around age 50, when a woman's menstrual periods cease and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops. Strictly speaking, menopause is dated one year after a woman's last menstrual period (period is longer) |
| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | taking hormones (pills, patches, or injections) to compensate for hormone reduction. Most common in women at menopause or after removal of ovaries, but is also used by men to help restore their decreased testosterone level. (medical uses + health risks) |
| andropause (male menopause) | a term coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men, which normally results in reduced sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass |
| stressor | any situation, event, experience, or other stimulus that causes a person to feel stressed. Many circumstances become these for some people but not others |
| problem-focused coping | a strategy to deal with stress by tackling a stressful situation directly |
| emotion-focused coping | a strategy to deal with stress by changing feeling about the stressor rather than changing the stressor itself |
| general intelligence (g) | the idea of this assumes that intelligence is one basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities. According to this concept, people have varying levels of this general ability |
| Flynn effect | the rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations |
| Seattle Longitudinal study | the first cross-sequential study of adult intelligence. This study began in 1956; the most recent testing was conducted in 2005 |
| fluid intelligence | those types of basic intelligence that make learning of all sorts quick and thorough. Abilities such as short-term memory, abstract though, and speed of thinking are usually considered part of this concept |
| crystallized intelligence | those types of intellectual ability that reflect accumulated learning. Vocabulary and general information are examples. Some developmental psychologists think this increases with age, while fluid intelligence declines |
| analytic intelligence | a form of intelligence that involves such mental processes as abstract planning, strategy selection, focused attention, and information processing, as well as verbal and logical skills |
| creative intelligence | a form of intelligence that involves the capacity to be intellectually flexible and innovative |
| practical intelligence (aka tacit intelligence) | the intellectual skills used in everyday problem solving |
| selective optimization with compensation | the theory, developed by Paul and Margret Baltes, that people try to maintain a balance in their lives by looking for the best way to compensate for physical and cognitive losses and to become more proficient in activities they can already do well |
| expert | one who is notably more accomplished, proficient, and/or knowledgeable in a particular skill, topic, or task than the average person |
| expertise | a person's ability to be more accomplished at a particular skill, or to have better knowledge of a particular subject than the average person |
| automatic processing | thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought. Experts process most tasks automatically, saving conscious thought for unfamiliar challenges |
Created by:
Nicolekr
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