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Ch 2 Biology & Behav
Psychology: An Exploration
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Communication system | nervous & endocrine system |
| sensory receptors | (part of nervous system) special neurons in the sense organs that convert energy from the environment into neural energy (electrochemical signals) for the nervous system. Process called Transduction |
| neuron | nervous system cell that has the ability to transmit information within your body |
| neurotransmitters | chemicals |
| endorphins | type of neurotransmitter that acts as the body's own natural pain killers |
| glia/glial cells | support neurons by insulating them, holding them together, protecting them, removing waste products. Does not convey information to other cells the same as a neuron. Make myelin |
| nerve | axons bundled together |
| Central nervous system | brain + spinal cord |
| Spinal Cord | some reflexes (automatic reponse) |
| medulla | life- preserving functions-breathing, heart rate, blood pressure |
| cerebellum | coordinated movement, balance, timing. Stores procedural memories |
| pons | sleep, motor messages from brain to body |
| reticular formation | arousal, selective attention |
| Hindbrain components | medulla, cerebellum, pons, reticular formation |
| Limbic system components | (subcortical structures) thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus |
| thalamus | relay between cerebrum and lower structures; directs sensory info |
| hypothalamus | physiological drives such as hunger, thirst, sex, sleep. Body temperature, biological clock |
| amygdala | regulating emotions, especially those related to self-preservation (anger, fear) |
| hippocampus | formation of new memories; stores declarative memories |
| Cererbrum components | corpus collosum, cerebral cortex, frontal lobes, primary motor cortex, parietal lobes, occipital lobes, temporal lobes, primary somatosensory cortex |
| Corpus collosum | connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres |
| Cerebral cortex | thin, gray, outer cover (lobes) |
| Frontal lobes | "executive functions" include thinking, reasoning, planning, memory, concentration, problem-solving, goal-directed behavior, emotional control, temperament, personality. |
| Primary motor cortex | at the back but still part of the frontal lobe, controls fine motor movement |
| Parietal lobes | body senses- touch, pressure, pain, spatial abilities - where is my body, where are parts of my body, maps |
| Primary somatosensory cortex | part of the parietal lobe, controls touch |
| occipital lobes | vision |
| temporal lobes | hearing, smell, complex visual processing, language processing |
| Peripheral Nervous system | every part of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. transmits information to and from spinal cord |
| somatic | (PNS) voluntary muscles, skin |
| autonomic | (PNS) internal organs (heart, glands, stomach), breathing, digestion, circulation |
| sympathetic | (PNS) readies body for flight or fight. connected to every internal organ in the body |
| parasympathetic | (PNS) calms and relaxes; return to normal functioning |
| Endocrine System | set of glands that produce hormones (long-acting chemicals) which are conveyed by the blood to other parts of the body where they alter activity, structure, and growth. |
Created by:
hpennella
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