Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
abnormal psych 3
chs 9, 10, 11, 13. ucf
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a substance | Any agent that disrupts the psychological or physical balance of the individual over and beyond what is expected of food and drink |
| Describe Substance related disorders | maladaptive behavior associated with substance use |
| Describe Substance abuse | a maladaptive pattern of excessive use leading to notable impairment or distress in thinking, feeling, and behavior |
| Describe Substance induced cognitive disorder | direct, acute or chronic effects of such substances on Central Nervous System (CNS) |
| Describe Substance dependence | inability to cut down or control use, using much activity to obtain substance; involves tolerance and withdrawal |
| Describe tolerance | needing and requiring increasing dosage of the substance |
| Describe Withdrawal | physical or emotional symptoms such as shaking or irritability after reducing drug-induction (or substance-induction) |
| Describe Intoxication | showing maladaptive behavior after drug intake |
| Give an example of Substance related disorder | Alcohol-induced cirrhosis |
| Give an example of Substance abuse | Alcoholism |
| Contrast substance intoxication and substance induced cognitive disorder | Intoxication results in showing mal-adaptive behavior after drug intake whereas the induced disorder involves direct effects of the drug on the CNS |
| What is alcohol’s effect on the Central Nervous System | Depression |
| Describe long-term effects of alcohol in terms of Alcoholism | Serious addiction related to maladaptive behavior and negative impact on health |
| Describe long-term effects of alcohol in terms of Cirrhosis | Damage to liver |
| What disorders can result from Drugs | Each drug can result in an abuse disorder or dependency disorder |
| How many substances will classify as Poly-substance dependence | At least three |
| List the Depressants we discussed in class | Anti-anxiety drugs (minor tranquilizers), Opiates or narcotics (morphine, heroin, codeine), and Barbiturates or sleeping substances |
| What is a stimulant | Any drug (substance) that stimulates central nervous system or brain centers |
| Describe the stimulants we mentioned in class | Amphetamines (increases dopamine in the brain), caffeine and nicotine, and cocaine (increases dopamine in the brain) and crack (purified cocaine) |
| What is also known as “pep pills” | Amphetamines |
| Which drug is extracted from the coca plant | Cocaine |
| What effect does PCP have on a person | May cause psychotic-like symptoms |
| Research has shown what about marijuana and memory | Diminished cognitive functioning for days after use; adolescents have lower academic achievement and impaired attention, learning and cognitive processing as well as subtle abnormalities in brain structure |
| What is the Biogenic Etiology of Substance related disorders in terms of Familial Alcoholism | involves genetic and heredity factors |
| What is the Biogenic Etiology of Substance related disorders in terms of Non-familial Alcoholism | involves the environmental factors |
| What is the Psychodynamic Etiology of Substance related disorders | Childhood trauma and fixation in the oral stage may cause alcoholism |
| What is the Sociocultural Etiology of Substance related disorders | Consumption tends to increase or decrease with socioeconomic status; Cultural values play important roles in drinking patterns |
| What is the Behavioral Etiology of Substance related disorders | Drinking behavior is learned |
| What is Detoxification | the removal of the abusive substances and long-term maintenance without it |
| What is involved in Alcoholics Anonymous | Support group |
| What is the Pharmacological approach in terms of Antabuse | chemical agent used to create aversion to alcohol |
| What is the Pharmacological approach in terms of Methadone | Synthetic narcotic chemical agent used to reduce craving for heroin and decrease withdrawal symptoms |
| What is the Pharmacological approach in terms of Nicotine patch | chemical agent used to help smokers kick the addiction to cigarettes |
| What therapies are used in cognitive/behavioral approaches | Aversion therapy and covert sensitization |
| What is a multi-modal treatment | A combination of other approaches, including help facilities, support groups and family therapy |
| What is the Sexual Response cycle | The normal course of sexual response from arousal to relaxation (after orgasm) |
| Where would disorders take place | In the appetite, excitement, or orgasm phases |
| Sexual desire dysfunction and example | Disorder in appetite phase related to a lack of sexual desire; types are hypoactive sexual desire disorder and sexual aversion disorder |
| sexual arousal dysfunction and example | Disorder in excitement phase and relate to difficulties attaining or maintaining arousal; types are female sexual arousal disorder and male erectile disorder |
| Orgasm dysfunction and example | Dysfunction in orgasm phase persistently delays or inhibits orgasm after person has entered orgasm phase; types are female orgasmic disorder, male orgasmic disorder, and premature ejaculation |
| Sexual pain disorders and example | Recurrent or persistent pain in the genitals before, during or after sex; two types due to psychological reasons are dyspareunia (both sexes) and vaginismus |
| What is the biological etiology of sexual dysfunctions | Lower levels of testosterone or high levels of estrogen associated with low sexual interest; testosterone suppressant drugs seem to decrease male sexual desire, though penile implants have been helpful |
| What are the psychological factors for sexual dysfunctions | can include historical, pre-disposing factors, sexual trauma, inadequate or inappropriate sexual experiences and relationship conflicts |
| When a woman has previously been able to achieve orgasm, but currently cannot experience one, what should she be diagnosed with | Secondary female orgasmic disorder or secondary inhibited female orgasm |
| What kind of behavioral therapy can be used | Education, anxiety reduction and behavioral exercises are helpful; Sex therapists are available |
| Compare and contrast Transsexualism and transvestite | Transsexualism is a conflict between a person’s anatomical sex and their gender identity whereas a transvestite dresses in clothing appropriate to the opposite sex |
| Describe the Psychoanalytic etiology of Gender Identity Disorders | unresolved Oedipus or electra complexes and identification with the opposite sex parent |
| Describe the Behavioral etiology of Gender Identity Disorders | parental encouragement of feminine behavior |
| Describe the Biological etiology of Gender Identity Disorders | exposure to the opposite sex hormones affects the brain centers governing sexual orientations; This process usually happens during the fetal stage (2ND trimester) |
| How can we use modeling for treating Gender Identity disorders | Same gender therapist facilitates a positive role model |
| What is a paraphillia | Sexual urges and fantasies regarding (a) non-human objects; (b) real or simulated suffering and (c) non-consenting others |
| Compare a voyeur to an exhibitionist | A voyeur likes to watch the genitals or sexual acts whereas an exhibitionist prefers to expose him/herself |
| What is the sado-masochist relationship | Obtaining sexual gratification by inflicting or receiving pain |
| Describe Necrophilia | (desire for) Sexual contact with a dead person |
| Describe Zoophilia | (desire for) sexual contact with an animal |
| Describe the Psychoanalytic etiology of paraphilias | Castration anxiety and unresolved Oedipus complex are important factors in males |
| Describe the Behavioral etiology of paraphilias | Stress on the importance of early conditioning experiences |
| Describe the Biogenic etiology of paraphilias | Possible association with genetic, neural, hormonal and brain abnormalities |
| Define Rape | forcible sexual act against a person without his/her consent |
| What does rape sexually affect (for the rapist) | Who can be the victim of rape |
| Which type of rape compensates for feelings of personal/sexual inadequacies | Power rape |
| Apply the cultural spill over theory to rape | Rape is more frequent in cultures that encourage violence |
| What is the main form of treatment for sex offenders | Imprisonment |
| How is incest treated | The abused is treated directly for original and compounded effects; the abuser is imprisoned |
| Is homosexuality a sexual dysfunction | It is no longer classified as a deviation |
| Old people don’t like sex as much as young people | False |
| What is the difference between depression and mania | Depression is intense sadness, feelings of worthlessness and withdrawal whereas Mania is elevated mood, expansiveness, irritability and hyperactivity |
| What are the affective symptoms of depression | sadness, unhappiness, “blue mood” and apathy |
| Todd has a mild, low-grade form of depression that seems to have lasted for all his life, and is almost part of his personality; What form of depression does Todd have | Dysthymic disorder |
| What are the symptoms of Mania | Elevated, expansive or irritable mood; Impairment of social and occupational functioning; uninhibited and impulsive behavior; Pressured and accelerated speech; and Decreased need for sleep with high level of arousal |
| The DSM-IV distinguishes what two types of mania | Hypomania and mania |
| What are some symptoms of hypomania | Elevated mood +3 or irritable mood +4; symptoms: pressured speech, inflated ego, decr need for sleep, racing thoughts, easy distractibility, increased psychomotor agitation, involvement in pleasurable activity with high potential for negative consequences |
| What are the two types of mood disorders | Depressive disorders and bipolar disorders |
| What is the prevalence of mania to major depression | One to nine |
| What does the term “bipolar” indicate | The presence of manic and depressive episodes in the same patient |
| Which mood disorder manifests in the form of persistent and chronic mood swings | Cyclothymia |
| What are course specifiers | Seasonal mood changes or post-partum depression |
| Describe the sociocultural etiology of depression | Expression varies culture to culture; Stress may activate, but can be counteracted by Social support; women are more prone due to submissive nature, but also more likely to seek help whereas men may mask it with substance abuse and anger |
| Describe the psychoanalytic etiology of depression; What does anger at one’s self cause (psychoanalytic) | loss, especially through separation or death, causes feelings of being deserted or abandoned, leading to anger; anger turned inward causes depression |
| Describe the learning etiology of depression | Person loses reinforcement with separation (or loss) from significant other or location; need to learn social behaviors to elicit positive reinforcements |
| Describe the cognitive etiology of depression | Related to low self-esteem; a disturbance of thinking rather than mood |
| Describe the Learned Helplessness etiology of depression | Due to actions having no effect on environment and feeling helpless as a result |
| What neurotransmitters affect mania | Is it an increase or a decrease of these neurotransmitters |
| When are endogenous (internal) factors more prominent | In more severe disorders including the psychotic forms of major mood disorders |
| What medications are helpful in treating depressive disorders | Tricyclic antidepressants, Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, Prozac What treatment for depressive disorders is used as a last resort only for severely depressed patients |
| Marie sought a therapist for her depression, who then told her that only ECT, and not cognitive therapy, would relieve her depression; Why is this incorrect | Cognitive therapy can be as successful as drug therapy in treating depression |
| What treatment method aims to replace illogical thoughts with positive and logical thought | Cognitive therapy |
| What medications are used to treat bipolar disorders | Lithium carbonate |
| What is Schizophrenia characterized by | Severely impaired cognitive processes; primarily involves disturbance of thinking |
| Who called Schizophrenia Dementia Praecox in the 1890s | Emil Kraeplin |
| Who coined the term schizophrenia | Bleuler (1911) |
| Where did the term schizophrenia come from | From the terms schizen (split) and phren (mind) |
| What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia | Thought disorder, bizarre behavior, delusions and hallucinations |
| Susan has been diagnosed with Schizophrenia, She often thinks that people, such as the government, are trying to control her actions and that they are removing her own thoughts; What delusions is she experiencing | Thought withdrawal and delusions of control |
| What is it called when a patient with Schizophrenia forms new words that only he/she understands | Neologism |
| What are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia | Flat affect, anhedonia, avolition, and alogia |
| What is the most common symptom of schizophrenia | Delusions |
| What are the different types of Schizophrenia | Paranoid; disorganized (hebephrenia); catatonic; undifferentiated, residual; brief psychotic reaction; schizoaffective disorder |
| What are the three phases of Schizophrenia and what occurs during these phases | Prodromal (onset and build-up of symptoms), active (full blown) and residual (severity declines) |
| In order to give the diagnosis of residual schizophrenia, what must be involved | two or more of the following for a significant portion of time during a one month period: delusions, hallucination, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms |
Created by:
selfstudy08
Popular Psychology sets