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Motivation & Emotion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Instincts | Automatic behavior that is genetically programmed into an entire species |
| Motivations | Goal-directed behavior; feelings or ideas that cause us to act toward a goal |
| Lateral Hypothalamus | Hunger motivation; causes the desire to eat and the desire to stop eating |
| Set-Point Theory | Proposes that the body monitors fat cell levels to keep them (and weight) fairly stable |
| Primary Drives | Biological needs; drives that are not learned. Motivates behavior essential for survival. (i.e. hunger, thirst, sex, sleep) |
| Incentives | An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior |
| Intrinsic Motivators | Motivated to perform for a great feeling of personal satisfaction, and trying to perform the behavior for its own sake (long lasting) |
| Extrinsic Motivators | Motivated to perform specific behaviors to achieve promised outside rewards or to avoid punishment from others |
| Achievement Motivation | The need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence |
| Drive Reduction Theory | Some physiological need occurs that creates a state of tension, which in turn motivates you to reduce the tension or satisfy the need |
| Secondary Drives | Acquired through learning; affiliation, social achievement, aggression, power. (ex: money, grades, friends, intimacy, acceptance, praise, etc.) |
| Opponent-Process Theory of Motivation | States that people are usually at a normal, or baseline, state. Often used to explain addictive behaviors. We perform acts that move us from the baseline state (smoking a cigarette) and give us a good feeling, but eventually return to our baseline |
| Arousal Theory | Each individual has an optimal level of arousal that varies from one situation to the next; maintained by desire at that moment |
| Approach-Approach Conflict | A choice must be made between two attractive goals |
| Approach-Avoidance Conflict | A choice must be made about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects. |
| Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict | A choice must be made between two unattractive goals |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | A systematic arrangement of needs, according to priority, in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused (Abraham Maslow) |
| James-Lange Theory of Emotion | Suggests that we feel emotions because of biological changes caused by stress (William James & Carl Lange) |
| Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion | Suggests that the biological change and the cognitive awareness of the emotional state occur simultaneously (Walter Cannon & Philip Bard) |
| Two-Factor Theory | Suggests that both our physical responses and our cognitive label combine to cause any particular emotional response (Stanley Schachter) |
| General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | Selye's model of the body's stress response, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion |
| Obesity | Being overweight |
| Bulimia | Eating disorder characterized by eating large amounts of food in a short period of time and then getting rid of the food by vomiting, using laxatives, and exercising excessively |
| Anorexia | Eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose weight |
Created by:
cbcampos95
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