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Gynecologic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| GYNecology(Gyn)is | the study of the female reproductive system |
| Obstetrics(OB)is | the medical specialty dealing with gestation(pregnancy/parturition),birth and puerperium |
| Puerperium is | the period of time covering six weeks after birth(parturition) |
| ART stands for | Assisted Reproductive Technologies |
| Infertillity means | the inabillity to produce offspring AKA sterillity |
| Medications to treat infertillity are called | ovulation stumulating drugs AKA fertillity drugs |
| Fertility drugs mimic the effect of | Follicle Stumulating Hormone(FSH)and Luteinizing Hormone(LH) |
| what class is Clomid? | Fertility drugs |
| what class is Fertinex? | Fertility drugs |
| what class is Repronex? | Fertility drug |
| what class is Pregnyl? (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin HCG or hCG) | Fertility drug |
| A medication to INDUCE LABOR is called | Pitocin("Pit drip") AKA oxytocin pitocin also treats postpartum bleeding |
| Pitocin(oxytocin)stumulates the uterus(womb)to | contract |
| Medications used to TREAT POSTPARTUM BLEEDING include: | 1.)Pitocin("Pit drip") (oxytocin) 2.)Methergine |
| Putocin(oxytocin)and methergine stimulate the uterus to | contract |
| Contraception means | against conception(fertilization) |
| Oral medications designed to interfere with conception (fertilization)are called | Oral Contraception PillS(OCPs) |
| Oral Contraceptive Pills(OCPs)are AKA | Birth Control PillS(BCPs)or "the pill." |
| Oral Contraceptive Pills(OCPs)are commonly a combination of | estrogen and progestin(progesterone) |
| The effectiveness of Combined Oral Contraceptive PillS(COCPs)is | 95% |
| Being overweight can reduce the effectiveness of | Combined Oral Contraceptive PillS(COCPs) |
| Oral Contraceptive PillS(OCPs)containing 50 mcg{ug}of estrogen has been linked with a higher incidence of | lupus erthematosus |
| Oral Contraceptive PillS(OCPs)containing 30 mcg{ug}of estrogen do not exhibit this | risk |
| what class is Alesse? | Combined contraceptive pills(COCPs) |
| what class is Aviane? | Combined contraceptive pills(COCPs) |
| what class is Loestrin 24 Fe? | Combined contraceptive pills(COCPs) |
| what class is Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo? | Combined contraceptive pills(COCPs) |
| what class is Ovcon? | Combined contraceptive pills(COCPs) |
| what class is Ortho-Novum? | Combined contraceptive pills(COCPs) |
| what class is Yaz and Yazmin? | Combined contraceptive pills(COCPs) |
| what class is Seasonique? | Combined contraceptive pills(COCPs) |
| Seasonique is a Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill(COCP)is designed to be taken every day for | 84 days followed by 7 days of estrogen only pills.Menstruation(menses)should occur during administration of the 7 day estrogen only pills. |
| Antagonists to Oral Contraceptive PillS(OCPs)include | certain antibiotics ans St.John's wort |
| A once a month TRANSDERMAL CONTRACEPTIVE is called | Ortho Evra The effectiveness of Ortho Evra is 95% |
| A once a month combination VAGINAL CONTRACEPTIVE is called | NuvaRing The effectiveness of NuvaRing is 95% |
| what class is Depo-SubQ Provera(q 3 months) | Progestin only contraceptives |
| Depo Provera is abbreviated | DMPA |
| The effectiveness of Depo Provera is | 99% |
| what class is Ovrette? | Progestin only Oral Contraceptive Pill(OCP) |
| The efectiveness of Ovrette is | 95% |
| To be effective,Progestin only Oral Contraceptive PillS(OCPs)must be taken | every day and at the same time each day |
| Progestasert is a | 1 year IntraUterine Device(IUD) |
| Mirena is a | 5 year IntraUterine Device(IUD) |
| The effectiveness of Progestasert and Mirena is | 99% |
| what class is Paragard? | A copper (Cu)based contraceptive intrauterine device(IUD) |
| Paragard stimulates the release of | Leukocytes(WBCs)and prostaglandins from the endometrium(inner lining of the uterus) |
| These Leukocytes(WBCs)and prostaglandins are hostile towards | spermatozoa(sperm)and ova(eggs) |
| The effectiveness of Paragard is | 99% |
| Paragard is also an EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE if inserted within | 3-5 days after unprotected intercourse (coitus or copulation) |
| Menopause (ages 45-55)is | cessation (stopping)of menstruation(menses)due to hormone estrogen insufficiency |
| The diagnosis (Dx)of menopause is given after | 12 consecutive months without menstruation(menses) |
| The time leading up to menopause is called | menopausal transition OR perimenopause |
| Signs(Sx)AND symptoms(SX)associated with perimenopause AND menopause include: | 1.)Dyspareunia(painful intercourse) 2.)Hot flashes 3.)Mood swings 4.)Insomnia 5.)Fatigue 6.)Xeroderma(dry skin) |
| Long term health problems associated with perimenopause AND menopause include: | 1.)Osteoporosis(OP) 2.)Coronary Artery Disease(CAD) |
| Medications to relieve the signs(Sx)and symptoms (SX)of perimenopause AND menopause are called | Estrogen Replacement Therapy(ERT) |
| Estrogen Replacement Therapy(ERT)is AKA | Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT) |
| what class is Premarin? | Estrogen Replacement Therapy(ERT) |
| what class is Estraderm? | Estrogen Replacement Therapy(ERT) |
| what class is Femhrt? | Estrogen Replacement Therapy(ERT) |
| Combined Oral contraceptive PillS(COCPs)and Estrogen Replacement Therapy(ERT)increase the risk of | thrombus(clot)formation which increases the risk of Myocardial Infarction(MI) and Cerebral Vascular Accident(CVA) especially in smokers and over age 35. |
| Progestin only contraceptives do not increasee the risk of | thrombus(clot)formation |
| Benefits of combined Oral Contraceptive PillS(COCPs)include: | 1.)Reduced PreMenstrual Syndrome(PMS)symptoms(SX) 2.)Reduced risk of endometrial AND ovarian malignancies 3.)Reduced risk of Iron Deficiency Anemia(IDA) 4.)Reduced Acne Vulgaris(AV) |
| A medication to treat hot flashes associated with menopause is called | Brisdelle AKA paroxetine(low dose antidepressant) |
| A medication prescibed to induce an abortion is | Mifeprex |
| An oral medication to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse(coitus,copulaion)AKA | "the morning after pill" |
| Plan B One Step is 89% effective if administered within | 72 hours |
| Plan B One Step is 95% effective if administered within | 24 hours |
| A medication to prevent seizures associated with eclampsia(toxemia)is | magnesium("mag")sulfate(MgSO(a little four at the bottom.) |
| The second child of a Rh+ father AND Rh-mother can be afficted en utero with a condition called | Erythroblastosis Fetalis (EF)OR Rh incompatibility disease OR Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) |
| Erythroblastosis Fetalis(EF)occus when an Rh-mothers immune system peceives an Rh+ fetus as foreign AND | attacks the fetal erythrocytes(RBCs) |
| A medication prescibed as a pophylaxis(preventative)for Erythroblastosis Fetalis (EF)is called | RhoGAM |
| Medications contraindicated duing breast feding include: | 1.)ASA(aspirin) 2.)Antitussive(cough suppessant) medications with alcohol(ETOH) 3.)Antihistamines except non-drowsy Claritin OR Alavert (loratadine) |
| Premenstrual Syndome(PMS)is a group of symptoms(SX)that start 1 to 2 weeks | Before menstruation(menses)AND usually cease with the onset of menses(menstruation) |
| Symptoms (SX)of premenstrual Syndrome(PMS)include: | 1.)Dysmenorrhea(painful menses) 2.)Fluid retention(edema) 3.)Mastalgia(breast pain) 4.)Cephalalgia(head ache) 5.)WeighT (WT)gain |
| Medications to treat premenstrual syndrome(PMS) include: | 1.)Midol 2.)Pamprin 3.)Premsyn |
| Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)is a severe AND debilitating form of | PreMenstrual Syndrome(PMS) |
| PreMenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)can become severe enough to interfere with | work,social activities, and relationships |
| Signs(Sx)and symptoms(SX)of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder(PMDD)include: | 1.)Neuroses (anxiousness) 2.)Insomnia 3.)Major Depressive Disorder(MDD) |
| what class is Xanax? (alprazolam) | Treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) |
| what class is Zoloft(antidepressant) | Treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) |
| what class is YAZ? | Treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) YAZ is also prescribed to treat chronic acne |
| The primary thyroid hormone is called thyroxine AKA | T3 AND T4 |
| Thyroxine(T3 AND T4)is necessary to regulate | proper metabolism |
| Metabolism is the | rate at which the body burns energy |
| Hyposecretion of thyroxine(hypothyroidism)is called | myxedema |
| Medications to treat myxedema (hypothyroidism)are called | thyroid supplements |
| Thyroid supplements include: | 1.)Thyrolar 2.)Synthroid OR Levothroid OR Unithroid AKA levothyroxine |
| A synthetic growth hormone (GH)is called | Humatrope AKA somatropin |
| A synthetic antidiuretic hormone (ADH)is | Pitressin AKA vasopressin |
| Corticosteroids are powerful | Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs(SAIDS) |
| what class is Cortone? (cortisone) | Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs(SAID) |
| what class is Decadron? (dexamethasone) | Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs(SAID) |
| what class is Cortef OR Solu-Cortef AKA (hydrocortisone) | Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs(SAID) |
| what class is Deltasone? (prednisone) | Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs(SAID) |
| what class is Medrol OR Solu-Medrol? (methylprednisolone) | Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs(SAID) |
| what class is Kenacort? | Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs(SAID) |
| what class is Kenalog? | Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs(SAID) |
| Adverse effects of prolonged Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug(SAID)use include: | 1.)Hypertension(HTN) 2.)hypokalemia(deficient potassium) 3.)Hypernatremia(excessive sodium) 4.)Hyperglycemia{excessive Blood Sugar(BS)} 5.)Weight gain(WT) 6.)Heart disease 7.)Psychosis |
| Diabetes Mellitus(DM)is characterized by: | 1.)The pancreas produces insufficient amounts of insulin 2.)The cells of the body have difficulty utilizing insulin produced AKA Insulin Resistance Syndrome(IRS) |
| Insulin is necessary for the body to | metabolize |
| Glucose is the body's primary source of | energy |
| IDDM stands for | Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus AKA type 1 diabetes mellitus(DM)OR juvenile onset diabetes Mellitus(DM) |
| Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)requires | daily subcutaneous (subQ OR subcu) insulin injections |
| what class is Humalog? | Insulin |
| what class is Novolog? | Insulin |
| The Novolog Flexpen is a prefilled,dial-a-dose,disposable injection | device |
| what class is Levemir? | Insulin |
| what class is Lantus? | Insulin |
| Insulin kept at a temperature between 36.0 and 86.0 F can remain stable AND potent for | 28 days |
| Insulin intended for future use should be refrigerated between 36.0 and 46.0 F Do not | freeze. |
| NIDDM stands for | non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mullitus AKA type 2 diabetes Mellitus(DM)OR adult(maturity)onset |
| Medications to treat Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus(NIDDM)are called | oral antidiabetics |
| Oral antidiabetic medications stumulate the pancreas to | produce more insulin and/or decrease Insulin Resistance Syndrome (IRS) |
| Oral antidiabetics include: | 1.)Diabinese 2.)Glucotrol (glipizide) 3.)DiaBeta OR Micronase (glyburide) 4.)Glucophage (metformin) 5.)Glucovance (glyburide and metformin) 6.)Actos |
| what class is Garamycin? (gentamicin) | Ophthalmic medication |
| what class is Vigamox? | Ophthalmic antibiotics |
| what class is Ilotycin? (erythromycin(neonates)) | Ophthalmic medication |
| Glaucoma is caused by an increase in | IntraOcular Pressure (IOP) |
| If left intreated, glaucoma will eventually lead to | permanent blindness |
| Ophthalmic Medications to treat glaucoma include: | 1.)Lumigan 2.)Xalatan 3.)Cosopt |
| Mydriasis means | pupillary dilation |
| A common mydriatic is | atropine |
| an ophthalmic dye and anesthetic is called | Fluoracaine |
| Medications that decrease the swelling of mucous membranes, alleviate nasal stuffiness and sinus congestion, allow secretions to drain, and help open the Eustachian tubes are called | decongestants |
| what class is Sudafed? (pseudoephedrine) | Decongestant |
| what class is Afrin? | Decongestant |
| The risk of Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)increases by combining | Sudafed(pseudoephedrine) with Zoloft(antidepressant) |
| A side effect of decongestants is | HyperTension(HTN) |
| Decongestants should not be given to children under 6 unless | directed by a physician |
| The imflammatory response occurs whenever the body is | injured |
| injury to the body can be caused by an | allergen |
| allergens include: | 1.)pollen 2.)ragweed 3.)animal dander 4.)mold 5.)dust,etc |
| Signs(Sx)and symptoms (SX)of the inflammatory response include: | 1.)edema(swelling) 2.)erythema(redness) 3.)warmth 4.)pruritus(itching) |
| the inflammatory response increases blood flow to the injured area in order to | speed healing |
| The faster the healing process, the less the chance of | infection |
| The chemical responsible for the inflammatory response is | histamine |
| Medications used to block the action of histamine are called | antihistamines |
| what class is Zyrtec? | Antihistamine |
| what class is Benadryl? (diphenhydramine) | Antihistamine |
| what class is Allegra? | Antihistamine |
| what class is Claritin OR Alavert? (loratadine) | Antihistamine |
| Antihistamines should not be given to children under 6 unless directed by a | physician(NBC) |
| some antihistamines have a side effect of | drowsiness |
| Corticosteroids are very effective | anti-inflammatory medications |
| what class is Rhinocort? | Ear Nose AND Throat (ENT)corticosteroids |
| what class is Nasalide? | Ear Nose AND Throat (ENT)corticosteroids |
| what class is Flonase? | Ear Nose AND Throat (ENT)corticosteroids |
| what class is Nasonex? | Ear Nose AND Throat (ENT)corticosteroids |
| what class is Nasacort? | Ear Nose AND Throat (ENT)corticosteroids |
| what class is Omnaris? | Ear Nose AND Throat (ENT)corticosteroids |
| Medications to suppress coughing are called | antitussives |
| Antitussives include: | 1.)codeine (codeine is also classified as a narcotic analgestic) 2.)Benylin DM 3.)Robitussin 4.)Vicks 5.)Delsym (dextromethorphan)(DM) |
| Medications used to reduce the viscosity(thickness)of sputum(phlegm)so that patients can more easily expectorate(cough up)are called | expectorants |
| a common expectorant is | Mucinex (guaifenesin) |
| Candida albicans(candidiasis)is AKA | monilia |
| Candida albicans(candidiasis)OR monilia can cause | thrush or vaginal yeast infections |
| Antifingal medications to treat thrush include: | 1.)Mycelex 2.)Mycostatin OR Nilstat AKA (nystatin) |
| some antifungal medications are applied topically as a solution where the patient will | "swish AND swallow" |
| antifungals to treat thrush(candidiasis OR monilia)are also supplied as a | troche AKA lozenge OR Pastille |
| Topical anesthetics are for the oral cavity AND/OR pharynx(throat)include | 1.)Cepacol OR Anbesol OR Chloraseptic OR Orabase (benzocaine) |
| benzocaine can cause a life threatening depletion of oxygen(O2)in the blood of children under the age of | two |
| A topical anesthetic AND vasoconstrictor to control epistaxis(nosebleed)is | cocaine |
| A chemical cautery on an applicator stick used to cauterize superficial blood vessels(e.g.epistaxis)is called | silver nitrate(AgNO(little three below) |
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