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mo system
integumentry and endocrine system notes and def.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Testes | produces testoterone and produces spermatozoa |
| penis | largest part of the uretha |
| prostate gland | -Produces different types of hormones |
| semen | Consist of sperm and other secretions |
| luetnizing hormone | -Stimulates the formation of testosterone |
| Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) | Stimulates the production of sperm |
| Testosterone | -Regulates metabolism and protein anabolism which results in growth of bone and muscle |
| Gonorrhea | -Inflammation of the genital tract mucous membranes |
| Genital Herpes | Viral infection |
| Amenorrhea | -Absences of menses |
| Menopause | -End or reproductive capability |
| Benign tumors | (non-cancerous |
| Fibroids | -Correct name is myoma and are common tumors of the uterus |
| Malignant tumors | (cancerous) |
| Breast cancer | the most common malignant disease in women |
| Malignant tumors (cancerous) | -Most common cancer in women is cancer of the endometrium |
| Ovarian cancer | is the leading cause of cancer death in women |
| Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID) | - May cause infertility |
| Prostatic hypertrophy | Rarely cause symptoms before age 40 usually seen in men over age 60 |
| Androgens | Primary testosterones are male sex hormones used for replacement therapy |
| Terazon and doxazoin | -Used to treat BPH |
| Impotence | Erectile dysfunction |
| causes on impotence | -Psychological factors, stress, depression |
| treatment of impotence | -Yohimole,silenfil (viagra), vardenafi(levitra |
| Ovaries | -Go nads, small almond shape |
| Fallopian tubes | -Fertilization usually takes place in the fallopian tube |
| Vagina | -Receives sperm during intercourse an exit for menstrual blood flow an as a birth canal |
| Mammary glands (breast) | -Prolactin from the anterior pituitary causes the actual synthesis of milk after pregnancy |
| Three phases of Menses | 1.menstrual, follicular, luteal |
| -Leuprolide (lupron) | -Available in depot forms that is given either monthly or every 3 months |
| Estrogen | -Produced by ovaries |
| Natural steroid estrogens include | Estradoil |
| Lowest effective dosages of estrogen | should be administered for the shortest period of time to reproduce the possibility of side effects |
| Side effect of over dosage of estrogen | hypertension |
| DES-dietary stillbestrol | -Synthetic nonstredical estrogen used primarily as an antiplastic agent |
| -Progesterone and progestin | -Produces biochemical changes in the endometrium to prepare for the implantation and nourishment of the embryo |
| -Megace | -Treats breast and eudiometrical cancer |
| Oral Contraceptives | -Generally a combination of estrogen and progestins |
| Combination of estrogen/progesin are divided into 3 groups | Monophonic,Biphasic (Lo oral), -Triphasic |
| -Monophonic | Fixed ratio taken for 21 days |
| -Biphasic (Lo oral) | -2 different amounts of progestin (ortho-novum 10/11) |
| -Triphasic | -Most closely stimulates the normal estrogen and progesterone levels during the menstrual cycle (ortho-novum 7/7/7) |
| Meddroxy progestone (Depo-Provera) | Given IM (intermuscally) every 3 months to prevent conception |
| Ortho-evra | 1st birth control patch approved by FDA |
| Progestin | for abnormal uterine bleeding cause by hormonal imbalance |
| Long acting progestin | Meddroxy progestone (Depo-Provera) |
| distribution | drug is distributed to the various tissues of the body |
| distribution is affected by | protien plasma binding, blood flow, blood brain barrier |
| contusion | traumatic brusing (someone has been choked) |
| popules | firm raised lesions (chickenpox) |
| vesicles | blister or sac filled with clear fluid |
| pustle | vesicle filled with pus (somekind of an infection) |
| exacerbation | word that refers to flare ups of chronic disorders (acne) |
| dermatis | inflamation of the skin |
| sunburn | uv ratiation burn |
| burns | injuries are on one or more layers of skin are damaged or destroyed |
| first degree burn | damaged is limited to epidermis (stove burn) |
| second degree burn | the damage is to the epidermis and dermis (most painful) |
| third degree burn | epidermis and dermis are damaged, less painful because nerve ending are buried away |
| impetigo | highly contagious disease that is caused by streptococcal or staphycocaccal infection |
| athletes foot | fungal infection of the skin |
| basal cell carcinoma | cancer of the skin, looks like a sore that wouldn't heal |
| decubitis ulcers | bedsores |
| prutitis | another term for itching |
| pediculsis | lice (dont jump but crawl) |
| disorders of the thyroid | hyperthrodism, hypothrodism |
| specific drugs for thyroid infection | levothrooxie (synthroid), liothromine (cytome), liotrix (thyrotar) |
| parathyroid gland | four small bodies embedded in the posterothyroid |
| parathroid hormone (PTH) | raises serum calcium levels by promoting a release of calcium from bones |
| hydroxychole calciferol | increases absorption of calcium from small intestine |
| alendronate (fosmax) | indicated for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis |
| adrenal medulla | produces adrenalin, |
| epinephrine | adrenaline |
| non-epinephrine | non adrenaline |
| adrenal cortex | produces glucocorticoids |
| mineralocorticoids | regualtes h20 and electrolyte balance |
| disorders of adrenal cortex | hypofunction , addison disease |
| addisons disease | life threating deficency of glucocontcoids and mineralocorticoids |
| pancreas | endocrine and exocrine gland |
| exocrine | function is mainly to produce digestive enzymes |
| endocrine | function produces beta and alpha cells |
| beta cells | produce insulin |
| alpha cells | produce glucagon |
| diabetic ketacidosis | a complication of diabetes mellitus caused by the build up of products of fat metabloism (keatones) which occurs when glucose is not avaliable as a fuel source for the body |
| insulin dependant | also called type 1 diabetes or juvenille onset |
| non insulin dependant | type 2 diabetes, or adult onset |
| which is the injectible type of diabetes | type 1 |
| types of insulin | porcine, recombinant, bovine |
| bovine | beef |
| recombinant | human |
| porcine | pork |
| sulfaryureas | lower blood glucose levels by increasing the releaseof insulin from the pancreas |
| glyburide | diabetic, mironase |
| endocrine | have no ducts, secrete directly into the bloodstream |
| exocrine | have ducts that carry out secretions |
| hormones | regulate growth metabolism, reproduction, and numerous other process |
| types of hormones | protien, steroids |
| protien | hormones made of amino acid |
| steroids | hormones derived from lipids (fats) |
| major glands | pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adreneal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal |
| minor glands | kidney, thymus, placenta |
| pitutary gland | called the master gland |
| pitutiary gland | controls actions of other glands |
| growth hormone (GH) | somatropin is another name for |
| growth hormone (GH) | acts throughout the body to promote protien use which is essiental to growth |
| thyrad stimulating hormone (TSH) | Thyrotropin |
| thrad stimulating hormone | stimulates the throid |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | stimulates the adrenal cortex |
| prolactin | stimulates the production of milk |
| gonatropins | sex hormones |
| lutenizing hormone | causes ovolation |
| Pituitary gland is important b/c | controls actions of all glands |
| antidivretic hormone (ADH) | vaso pressin |
| antidivretic hormone (ADH | promotes reabsorption of water form kidney tables therby decreasing water excretion |
| disorders of the pituitary gland | gigantism, dwarfism, acromegaly |
| acromegaly | results form excess growth hormone in adulthood |
| thryoid gland | largest gland, regualtes metabolism |
| calcitonin | decreases serum calcium by simulaing depostion in the bones |
| glands produce | hormones |
| megitindes | a new class of drugs that affect insulin release and work on the pancreas to promote insulin secretion |
| bigunides | decrease glucose production by the liver |
| epidermis | outermost layer of skin, cells constantly divide, made of two layers |
| dermis | true skin |
| dermis | framework of connective tissue adn contains many blood vessels nerve ending and glands |
| sabaceous layer | connects the skin to the surface of the muscles |
| sudorterous gland | sweat gland, help maintain body temp. |
| sabacous gland | oil gland, open to hair follicies |
| secrete sebum | oil which lubricates the skin and hair |
| disorder of sabacous gland | putule-pimple- infected sabacous gland |
| nail | protective structure made of keratin |
| functions of the skin | protection, regulate body temp, communication, excretion of waste |
| melanin | color or everything that is colored on body is because of |
| disorders of the skin | albino |
| albino | hereditary default causing a lack of melanin |
| juandice | yellowish discoleration |
| erythema | reddness of skin |
| cyanosis | blusih discoleration due to lack of oxygen |
| trauma | accidental break in the skin |
| lesion | any wound sore or injury |
| excoration | a wound that is evidence of scratching |
| avulsion | forcible ripping of skin, may accompany machinary accidents or animal bites |
| pharmacology | study of drugs |
| pharmakanetics | study of the process of absorpiton, distribution, metabolism adn excreation |
| pharmatheraputics | study of the use of drugs in treating disease |
| drug | any chemical substance that produces a change in body function |
| prescription drug | drug that requires an order from a physician |
| OTC | over the counter, drug cannot be purchase without letter from doctor |
| dose | the exact amount of drugs that is administered |
| bioavaliability | the percentage of drugs that is actually absorbed into the bloodstream |
| duration of action | the length and time a drug is effective |
| mechanism of action | MOA |
| mechanism of action | explanation of how the drug works |
| site of action | location in the body where the drug exerts its theraputic effect |
| indication | what the drug is used for |
| contradiction | when a drug should not be used |
| systemic | worksthroughout the body |
| local | works in specific area in body |
| theraputic | intended effect |
| side effect | unintened effect |
| adverse effect | harmful, unintended effect |
| sources of drugs | plant, animals, mineral, chemicals |
| origanal source of drugs | plant |
| chemical | scientific name |
| generic | non proprietary |
| brand | proprietary (tylenol ) |
| absoption | drugs that must be dissolved before it can be absorbed |
| metabolism | chemical alteration of drugs other compounds in the body |
| excretion | elimination of drugs from the body |
| 3 types of excretion | rino, rasportory, gastrotestuanal |
| drug topic red and blue book | guide to prices, products and includes manufacter, packaging size, strength, wholesale and retail prices |
| schedule 1drugs | highest abuse potential, no accepted medical use (heroin) |
| schedule 2 drugs | highest abuse potential, no accepted medical use (morphine) |
| schedule 3 drugs | moderate abuse potential (tylenol 3) |
| schedule 4 drugs | low abuse potential (valum, zanax) |
| schedule 4 drugs | limited abuse potential (robitussin ac) |
| theraputic index | relative safety of the drug |
| distribution is affected by | protien plasma binding, blood flow, blood brain barrier |
| infertility | cant reproduce |
| annovulation | absence of ovulation |
| causes of infertility | ther cervical factor |
| cervical factor | refers to the ability of the cervix to nurture and transport sperm into the female reproductive tract |
| causes and contributing factors of the cervical factor | intraverine exposure to DES, previous cone biopsy, infection |
| biopsy | check for cancer |
| the ovultary factor | accounts for about 1/5 of all cases of infertility |
| causes of ovultary factor | heavy serious exercise/dieting, hyperprolactinema, polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian failure (menopause) |
| the uterine factor | refers to any abnormalties of the uterus or uterine lining |
| causes of the uterine factor | fibroids,abnormally lining,poor endometrial lining, endometrosis |
| endometrosis | presence and growth of the endometrium ouside of the uterus |
| drugs that treat female infertility | clomphene(clomid), urofollitripin(metrodin) |
| why is estrogen so important | after bleeding ceases in the menstrual cycle estrogen helps repairs the endometrium |
| basal layer | deepest layer of skin, cells divide |
| stratum corneum | cells die and become keratin |
| hydrocortisone | most important glucocortcoid hormone |
| hydrocortisone | increases the ability of cells to make sugar out of fat and protiens, also called cortisol |
| cortisol | regulates the quantity of sugars, fats and protien in blood and cells |
Created by:
tellmo4show
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