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Chap 11
Race and Ethnicity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Affirmative action | programs in education and job hiring that that recruit minorities over a wide range but do not use rigid quotas, or those that use admissions slots for minorities in education and set aside contracts in the economy |
| antisemitism | the belief or behavior that defines Jewish people as inferior and that targets them for stereotyping mistreatment and acts of hatred |
| assimilation | process by which a minority becomes socially economically and culturally absorbed withing the dominant society |
| authoritarian personality | a personality characterized by a tendency to rigidly categorize people and to submit to authority, rigidly conform and be in tolerant of ambiguity |
| aversive racism | a subtle non-obvious or covert form of racism |
| color-blind racism | ignoring legitimate racial-ethnic cultural and other differences between groups |
| contact theory | the theory that prejudice will be reduced through social interaction with those of different race or ethnicity but of equal status |
| cultural pluralism | pattern whereby groups maintain their distinctive culture and history |
| discrimination | overt negative and unequal treatment of the members of some social group or stratum solely because of their membership in that group |
| dominant group | the group that assigns a racial or ethnic group to subordinate status in society |
| ethnic group | a social category of people who share a common culture such as a common language or dialect a common religion and commons norms practices and customs |
| ethnocentrism | the belief that ones in group is superior to all out groups |
| forms of racism | types of racism such as old fashioned racism, aversive racism laissez-faire racism color-blind racism and others |
| hyper segregation | a pattern of extreme segregation |
| institutional racism | racism involving notions of racial or ethnic inferiority that have become ingrained into societies institutions |
| laissez-faire | negative stereotyping of minorities, themselves for economic occupational and educational lack of achievement |
| minority group | any distinct group in society that shares common group characteristics and is forced to occupy low status in society because of prejudice and discrimination |
| out-group homogeneity effect | the tendency to percieve members of an out-group as identical in various characteristics |
| prejudice | the negative evaluation of a social group based upon conceptions held about the group despite facts that contradict them |
| race | a social category or social construction that we treat as distinct on the basis of certain characteristics some biological that have been assigned social importance in the society |
| racial formation | process by which groups come to be defined as a race through social institutions such as the law and schools |
| racialization | a process whereby some social category such as social class or nationality takes on what are perceived in the society to be race characteristics |
| racism | the perception and treatment of a racial or ethnic group as intellectually socially and culturally inferior to ones own group |
| residential segregation | the spatial separation of racial and ethnic groups in different residential areas |
| salience principle | categorizing people on the basis of what initially appears prominent about them |
| scapegoat theory | argument that dominant group aggression is directed toward a minority as a substitute for frustration with some other problem |
| segregation | the spatial and social separation of racial and ethnic groups |
| stereotype | an over simplified set of beliefs about the members of a social group or social stratum that is used to categorize individuals in that group |
| stereotype interchangeability | the principal that negative stereotypes are interchangeable from one racial group to another |
| urban under class | a grouping of people, largely minority and poor, who live at the absolute bottom of the socioeconomic ladder in urban areas |
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