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Ch.6: Memory
Psych 1100
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Memory | The ability to store and retrieve information over time |
| Encoding | the process by which we transform what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory |
| storage | The process of maintaining info in memory over time. |
| retrieval | process of bringing to mind information that has previously been encoded and stored. |
| Elaborative Encoding | The process of actively relating new info to knowledge that is already in memory. |
| Visual Imagery Encoding | The process of storing new info by converting it into mental pictures. |
| Organizational Encoding | The process of categorizing information according to the relationships among a series of items |
| Sensory Memory | Holds sensory info for a few seconds or less. |
| Iconic Memory | A fast decaying store of visual info |
| Short-Term Memory | A type of storage that holds non-sensory info for more than a few seconds, but less than a minute. |
| Rehearsal | The process of keeping info in your short-term memory by mentally repeating it. |
| Chunking | Combining small pieces of info into larger clusters that are more easily held in short-term memory. |
| Echoic Memory | A fast decaying store of auditory info. |
| Working Memory | Active maintenance of info in short-term storage |
| Long-Term Memory | A type of storage that holds info for hours, days, weeks, or years. |
| Anterograde Amnesia | The inability to transfer new info from the short-term into the long-term |
| Retrograde Amnesia | The inability to retrieve info that was acquired before a certain date; usually related to injury or an operation |
| Consolidation | The process by which memories become stable in the brain. |
| Reconsolidation | Memories can become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, requiring them to be consolidated again. |
| Retrieval Cue | External info that helps bring stored info to mind |
| Encoding Specificity Principle | The idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way the info was initially encoded. |
| State Dependent Retrieval | The tendency for info to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval |
| Transfer-Appropriate Processing | The idea that memory is likely to one situation from another when the encoding context of the situations match. |
| Retrieval-Induced Forgetting | A process from which retrieving an item from long-term memory impairs subsequent recall of certain items. |
| Explicit Memory | The act of consciously and intentionally retrieving past experiences. |
| Implicit Memory | The influence of past experiences on later behavior, even without an effort to remember them or an awareness of the recollection. |
| Procedural Memory | The gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice, or "knowing how" to do things. |
| Priming | AN enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of recent exposure to the stimulus. |
| Sematic Memory | A network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world |
| Episodic Memory | The collection of past experiences that occurred at a particular time and place. |
| Transience | Forgetting what occurs with the passage of time. |
| Retroactive Interference | Situations in which info learned later impairs memory for info acquired earlier. |
| Proactive Interference | Situations in which info learned earlier impairs memory for info acquired later |
| Absentmindedness | A lapse in attention that results in memory failure |
| Prospective Memory | Remembering to do things in the future. |
| Blocking | A failure to retrieve info that I available in memory even though you are trying to produce it. |
| Memory Misattribution | Assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source. |
| Suggestibility | The tendency to incorporate misleading info from external sources into personal recollections |
| Bias | The distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences. |
| Persistence | The intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget. |
| Flashbulb Memories | Detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events |
Created by:
hanson.251
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