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Chap 10
Global Stratification
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute poverty | the situation in which people do not have the enough resources for basic survival |
| colonialism | system by which western nations become wealthy by taking raw materials from colonized societies and reaping profits from products finished in the homeland |
| commodity chain | the network of production and labor processes by which a product becomes a finished commodity chain |
| core countries | within world systems theory those nations are more technologically advanced |
| dependency theory | the global theory that maintains that industrialized nations hold less industrialized nations in a dependency |
| extreme poverty | the situation in which people live on less than $275 per year |
| first-world countries | industrialized based on a market economy and with democratically elected governments |
| gender development index | a calculation based on gender inequalities in life expectancy, educational attainment, and income for different countries |
| global stratification | the systematic inequalities between and among different groups within nations that result from the differences in wealth, power and prestige of different societies |
| human poverty index | a multidimensional measure of poverty meant to indicate the degree of deprivation in four basic dimensions of human life: a long and healthy life, knowledge, economic well-being and social inclusion |
| international division of labor | system of labor whereby products are produced globally while profits accrue to only a few |
| modernization theory | a view of globalization in which global development is a world wide process affecting nearly all societies that have been touched by technological change |
| multinational corporation | companies that draw a large share of their revenues form foreign investments and conduct business across international borders |
| newly industrializing countries | countries that have shown rapid growth and have emerged as developed countries |
| gross national income | the total output of goods and services produced by residents of a country each year plus the income from nonresident sources, divided by the size of the population |
| peripheral countries | poor countries, largely agricultural, having little power or influence in the world system |
| power | a person or groups ability to exercise influence and control over others |
| relative poverty | a definition of poverty that is set in comparison with an established standard |
| second-world countries | socialist countries with state-managed economies and typically without a democratically elected government |
| semi-peripheral countries | semi-industrialized countries that represent a kind of middle class within the world system |
| sweatshop | a workplace where the employer violates more than one law regarding federal or state labor, industrial home-work, occupational safety and health, or industry regulation |
| terrorism | premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetuated against non-combatant targets by persons or groups who use their action to try and achieve their political ends |
| third-world countries | counties that are poor, underdeveloped, largely rural and with high levels of poverty; wealth in hands of small elite |
| world cities | cities closely linked through the system of international commerce |
| world systems theory | theory that capitalism is a single world economy and a worldwide system of unequal political and economic relationships that benefits the developed and technologically advanced countries as the expense of other countries |
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