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pharmocology 4 uafs
antibiotics and antivirals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| black block warning for procainamide | lupus like syndrome may occur in 30-50% of pts who take 1 yr. this drug should be reserved for life threatening dysrhythmias bc it can to produce new dysrhythmias or worsen existing ones. agranulocytosis, bone marrow suppression, neutropenia. |
| common adverse effects in male patients for beta blockers | diminished libido and impotence which may result in non compliance |
| what are the administration alerts for amiodarone(cardarone) | Hypokalemia and hypomagnesaemia should be corrected prior to therapy. K level <4.mEq/L should be reported to physician before admin of amidarone. |
| what kind of adverse effects will be expected from all antidysarhythmic drugs | they act by interfering with myocardial action potentials, blocking the action of sodium(na), potassium(k), and calcium(ca) channels and causing some irregular beats. palpitation, chest pain, diaphoresis, weakness, and dry mucous membranes. |
| food to drug interactions with verapamil (Calan) | use with cation with herbal suppliments like hawthorn, bc of the added hypotensive effect. |
| what do u teach the pt who is receiving warfarin (Coumadin) | pt should wear a medicalert bracelet and V-K should limited |
| what lab tests are used to moniter effectiveness during warfarin | international normalized ratio-(INR) value 2-3, and serum lab warfarin values 1-10mcg/ml |
| lab values used to moniter effectiveness of heparin | free fatty acids, ALT and AST, aPTT |
| what foods should you avoid when taking anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin) | garlic, ginger, green tea, cranberry, and foods with V-K |
| what is the priority of a pt receiving heparin IV | the right amount via the nomogram to their weight, it is immediate, prevents the formation of fibrin clots. absence of bleeding basically |
| what is the primary use for anticoagulants | inhibits clot factors to prevent clot formation. |
| what is the MOI of antiplatelet drug, Clopidogrel (Plavix)? | MOI prevention of thromboembolic events in pts w/ recent history of MI, stroke, or peripheral artery disease by prolonging the bleeding time by inhibiting platelet aggregation, directly by inhibiting ADP binding to its receptr for the life of platelet. |
| what is the nursing mgmt. for a pt with constipation from iron as an adverse effect? | increase fluids and high fiber diet |
| what causes a folic acid defiency | hemorrhage, increased erythrocyte destruction and decreased production. |
| What is the MOI for epoetin alfa (Epogen) | given to cancer pts receiving chemo to counteract the anemia caused by antineoplastic agents. |
| who benefits from a Hep B vaccine | high risk sex hoes, medical professionals, denists and hygenists,homosex,morticians, paramedics. |
| how is the hep B vaccine given | in deltoid muscle, 2nd 1 month from first and 3rd 6 months from first dose |
| interferon alfa-2(intron-A) MOI | is a biologic response modifier prepared by recombant DNA technology that is approved to treat cancers (leukemia, malignant melanoma, AID's related Kaposis's sarcoma) |
| cyclosporine (Gengraf) pt teaching includes | grapefruit should be avoided bc it raises blood levels of cyclosporin |
| cyclosporine (Gengraf) adverse effects | hypertension, hyperkalemia, seizures, hepatoxicity |
| acetaminophen (Tylenol) MOI | reduces fever by direct action at the level of hypothalamus and dilation of peripheral blood vessels. |
| what do u teach pts about NSAID's, Ibuproferen-especially renally | do not take with anticoagulants bc the additive effects and do not take with other NSAID's, alcohol, or corticosteroids |
| teaching about corticosteroids (stoping abruptly) | must have a gradual decrease in the meds, can cause lack of adrenal function. |
| what is cross sensitivity between pinicillins and cephalosporins | cephalosporin's are cousins to penicillin's if a pt is allergic to penicillin's, do not administer. |
| common adverse effects of tetracycline | hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, nausea, vomiting, epigastric burning, diarrhea, discoloration of teeth, and photosensitivity. |
| drug to drug interactions of Penicillin-G | decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives |
| reasons to collect samples prior to antibiotic therapy | to see what the bacteria are resistant to along with wherther or not it is gram + or gram -. |
| sign of superinfections | diarrhea, bladder pain, painful urine,abnprmal vaginal discharge, white patches on mouth! |
| primary use of sulfonamides | most commonly prescribed for UTI's |
| signs of toxicity with gentamycin | nerrotoxicity, may manifest as otoxicity and produce hearingloss or balance including parestesias, muscle twitching and seizures. |
| primary use for vancomycin | usually reserven for severe infection, often used after bacteria become resistant, most effective for MRSA. |
| what lab tests are needed prior to admission of vancomyacin | hearing must be checked often, peak and trough levels must be checked often as this can lead to nephrotoxicity. Redmann syndrome results from large amounts of histamine, with hypotension flushing reddening of the face, neck, trunk, upper body. |
| black box warning of ciprofloxacin | tendinitis and tendon rupture may occur, heel pain difficulty walking |
| rationalize multi-drug treatment with tuberculosis | TB will develop resistance to one drug therefore many are used |
| adverse effects of amphotericin B (fungizone) | fever-hot, chills, vomiting and headache at beginning of therapy. hypokalemia, hypomagnesia, anorexia, Otoxicity and Vertigo |
| what is the difference between systemic and superficial fungal infections? | superficial infect the scalp, skin , nails,and mucous membranes like mouth and vagina. systemic mycoses affect internal organs like the lungs, digestive organs, and brain. |
| MOI or terbinafine (Lamisil) | medication builds up in your nail beds and stays there for months |
| what are the admin alerts and adverse effects and other pt teaching with metronidazole (Flagyl) | extended release must be taken whole and not broken.can be used to treat anerobe infection besides its antiproazone Adverse effects anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, amd headache, dry mouth, and metallic taste. No booze no getting pregnant |
| admin alert for mebendazole (Vermox) | most effective when taken with a fatty meal to kill worms or helmiths |
| reason for relapse in malaria treatment | can be killed early at life cycle then in waves be killed? prevent hepatic cysts |
| MOI for systemic antifungal agents | they interfere with the synthesis of ergosterol in fungal cell membrane, causing them to become permeable |
| lab tests used to moniter HIV infections drug treatments | hepatoxicity, red b cells or anemia,neutraphiles? |
| why do hiv treatments fail | nonadherance, excessive side effects, resistance strains, |
| adverse effects and black box warning for zidovudine (Retrovir) | fatigur, weakness, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia, palpable liver BBW+ fatal acidosis with hepatomegaly, stenosis,bone marrow suppression,neutropenia or severs anemia and myopathy with long term use |
| serious side effects of acyclovir (Zovirax) and what to moniter | nephrotoxicity, serum creatine may increase so moniter it. Herpes treatment |
| why are multi drugs used for HIV | less potential resistance to medication developed |
| MOI of drugs for herpies virus | by preventing the viral DNA synthesis |
| pt teaching for oseltamivir (Tamiflu) | expensive,has to take before the 1st 48 hours within the onset of symptoms |
| adverse effects of tamoxifen | nausea, vomiting, hot flashes, fluid retention, vaginal discharges for treatment of breast cancer |
| MOI for tamoxifen | acts by blocking estrogen receptors for breast cancer |
Created by:
amelvi00
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