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Personality Terms
Chapter 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality | An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. |
| Free Association | In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no mater how trivial or embarrassing |
| Psychoanalysis | Freuds theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. |
| Unconscious | |
| Id | Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, stoves to satisfy basic seal and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. |
| Ego | The largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, mediates amount the demands of the id, superego, dab reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the ids desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pai |
| Superego | |
| Psychosexual Stages | The childhood stages of development (oran, anal, phallic, latency and genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones. |
| Oedipus Complex | According to Freud, a boys sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealously and hatred for the rival father. |
| Identification | The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos. |
| Fixation | According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved |
| Defence Mechanisms | In psychoanalytic theory, the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality |
| Repression | |
| Regression | |
| Reaction Formation | |
| Projection | Psychoanalytic defence mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. |
| Rationalization | |
| Displacement | psychoanalytic defence mechanism that shifts sexual or aggression impulses towards a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet |
| Denial | Defence mechanism by which people refuse to believe of even to perceive painful realities |
| Collective Unconscious | Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history |
| Projective Tests | |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | |
| Rorschach Inkblot Test | |
| Self- Actualization | |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | |
| Self-Concept | |
| Trait | |
| Personality Inventory | A questionnaire (T/F) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviours; used to assess selected personality traits. |
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMIP) | The met widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes. |
| Empirically Derived Test | A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups |
| Social-Cognitive Perspective | |
| Reciprocal Determinism | |
| Personal Control | A sense of controlling your environment rather than feeling helpless. |
| External Locus of Control | |
| Internal Locus of Control | The perception that you control your own fate. |
| Learned Helplessness | The helplessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. |
| Positive Psychology | A scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. |
| Self | |
| Spotlight Effect | |
| Self-Esteem | |
| Self-Serving Bias |
Created by:
lmoulaison
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