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Fluid & Electrolyte
Nursing-fluids and electrolytes test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Osmolality | measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles of solute per 1 L of solution. |
| Sources of Water | Oral, foods, from oxidation, parenteral fluids, enteral feedings |
| "Normal" water loss | skin, lungs, GI tract, kidneys, insensible loss |
| water loss from lungs | 300-400ml/day |
| water loss from GI tract | 100-200 ml/day |
| water loss from insensible loss | 600ml/day (evaporation) |
| Isotonic contraction (Def) | Na and water lost in isotonic proportions |
| Isotonic contraction causes | blood loss, vomiting, diarrhea, kidney disease, diuretics |
| Isotonic Contraction treatment | Isotonic solutions (0.9 NS, lactated ringers) 0.9 NS only fluids used in blood transfusion process |
| Hypertonic Contraction (def) | loss of water exceeds loss of sodium |
| Hypertonic contraction causes | excessive sweating, osmotic diuresis, concentrated feedings in infants, burns, CNS disorders |
| hypertonic contraction treatment | hypotonic fluids (1/4 NS, free water, D5W) |
| Hypotonic Contraction (def) | loss of sodium exceeds loss of water |
| Hypotonic contraction causes | excessive sodium loss through kidneys-diuretic therapy, chronic renal insufficiency, lack of aldosterone |
| Hypotonic contraction treatment | 0.9% NS if mild, Hypertonic solutions (3% NS) if severe |
| fluid volume deficit- monitor: | I & O, DAILY WEIGHTS (2.2lbs=1000ml fluid), skin turgor, increased UOP w/ normal specific gravity, VS, clear sensorium, labs |
Created by:
mcwethe
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