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GEO 103 Exam 2
Exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Classifying Mass Movement | Falls + Slides + Flows |
| Triggering Mechanisms (Mass Movement) | Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Undercutting of toe, Human caused vibrations, saturation via water |
| Mass Movement | Down slope movement of rock and soil under the force of gravity. |
| Stream/River Base Level | Lowest point a stream can erode in its bed. |
| Drainage Basin | Where streams converge. |
| Divides | The separation of drainage basins by ridges and such. |
| Drainage Patterns | Dendritic: Develops in valleys. Branching. Parallel: forms on steep slopes. swift and straight. Trellis: tributaries entering river at a ninety degree angle. Radial: flowing into a central location. Volcanoes esp. |
| Base flow | lowest discharge of any given river. |
| Stream Discharge | Q=VA ---> width x distance x velocity |
| Stream Erosion/Transport/Deposition | Erosion: hydraulic action, abrasion, corrosion Transport: Bed load, suspended load, solution load Deposition: Alluvial fans, deltas, natural levees |
| Coastal processes | Waves, ocean currents, storms, tides |
| Littoral current | Develops from waves hitting the shore at an angle. Travels parallel to the shoreline. |
| Coastal landforms | Erosional: Stacks/arches, wave cut terraces, headlands, Depositional: Baymouth bars, beaches, spits. |
| Waves -- sets, rogue, tsunami | Rogue: spontaneous waves that occur far out in the sea Wave sets: usually result from plate movement. Can also occur due to underwater mass wasting. |
| Earth's Fresh water breakdown | 97.22 = ocean water. 2.78 = fresh water, of that 2.78, 77% is frozen, 22% underground, 1% in lakes. |
| Alpine Glacier (Deposition) | Medial moraine: deposited debris/sediment formed at the point when two glaciers coalesce. Lateral moraine: parallel debris deposition Terminal moraine: deposited at the snout of a glacier |
| Alpine Glacier (Erosion) | Striations (scratches on underlying bedrock tell the direction of glacier) Cirque: formed at the head of a glacier. Tarn: mountain lake formed in a cirque created by a glacier Horn Bergschrund: deep crevasse at the head of a glacier. |
| Continental Glaciers (deposition) | Eskers: old stream beds Kettle lakes: formed from separated ice blocks Kames: essentially sand domes erratics: large displaced rocks. |
| Continental glaciers (erosional) | Drumlin: deposited till in an upside-down spoon shape. The downhill slope corresponds with the direction of the glacier Roche Moutonnee: bedrock, movement of glacier corresponds to direction away from plucking. |
| Extent of Wisconsin Glaciation | Covered New York, through southern tip of Illinois to Seattle. |
| Laurentide and Cordilleran | Right side of rockies = Laurentide, Cordilleran = left side. |
| Post-glacial rebound | Rise of landmass after depression from ice sheet/glaciers. Occurring in Scandinavia and Hudson Bay |
| Pluvial Lakes | Once existed, now nonexistent lakes. Existed during most recent glaciation. (e.g. Area 51) |
| Ice Age; Cause | One theory says the Earth goes through a cooling period every 100,000 because of change in its relative position to the Sun. |
| Defining a Desert | An area that receives less than 10 in. of rainfall per year. |
| The Four Deserts | Mojave, Great Basin, Sonoran, Chihuahuan |
| Dist. of Deserts | Results from 3 predominant factorsl; - Distance from moisture - located on the "lee side" of a large mountain range - located in sub tropical high pressure zone |
| Aeolian (erosion) | Deflation - blowing away of loose particles. Creates desert pavement + blowout depression Abrasion - produces pitted, grooved landforms. Also, yardangs. Varnish - rapid evaporation after precip. |
| Aeolian (transport) | Dust storm: especially find particles carried high in the atmosphere. Sand storm: carried few metres off ground. Moves by saltation (aerodynamic lift) |
| Aeolian (deposition) | - Ripples, formed at right angles. Various dune shapes: - barchan (parabolic) forms horns. - longitudinal resulting from strong one-directional winds. - star dunes (variable winds) |
| Loess | Essentially fine sediment deposited after glaciation. Was picked up and deposited in areas like the Great Plains. REEEAL good for agriculture. |
| Sahel | Location in Northern Africa where there exists a transition zone between rain forest and desert. |
| Defining ecosystems | an area containing biotic + abiotic factors |
| Two Abiotic Factors Affecting Dist. of Biomes | Temperature + Precipitation |
| Arizona's Life Zones (C. Hart Merriam) | Lower Sonoran ---> Upper Sonoran (Pinyon-Juniper woodland, grassland) ----> Transition (ponderosa pine) --- > Canadian (mixed conifer) ---- > Hudsonian (Spruce fir + Subalpine conifer forest) --- > Arctic Alpine |
| Neap & Spring Tides | Spring; when moon + sun are aligned. Causes higher tide Neap: moon and Sun are at right angle from each other, results in lower tides. |
Created by:
jeremycliffordaz
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