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Anti-infective drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anti-infective medications are commonly referred to as | antibiotics |
| Antibiotics are effective against many types of | bacteria |
| antibiotics are NOT effective against any | viral infection |
| For antibiotics to be effective against a bacterial infection they must be taken on time and | until the prescription is completed Example:if an antibiotic prescription is written Trimox 250 mg po q.i.d. AND there are 40 doses, the patient must take the medication every 6 hours around the clock for 10 days. |
| If this procedure is not followed, the infection can remain AND the possibility of a | resistant strain of bacteria can be created. |
| Bacteria are identified by using | staining technique |
| Bacteria that stain pink are called | gram negative |
| Bacteria that stain violet are called | gram positive |
| Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against a | variety of different types of bacteria |
| antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of an | influenza vaccination |
| Pubilx offers the following antibiotics free: | amoxicillin ampicillin cephalexin(capsules+suspension only) sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)& trimethoprim(TMP) ciprofloxacin(excluding XR) penicillin VK |
| The listed Publix antibiotics are available for anyone with a | prescription(Applies for supplies lasting up to 14 days) |
| Sulfonamide antibiotics are commonly referred to as | "sulfa drugs" |
| what class is Sulfadiazine? | sulfonamide antibiotics |
| what class is Gantrisin?(sulfisoxazole) | sulfonamide antibiotics |
| what is the generic name of Gantrisin? | sulfisoxazole |
| what class is Bactrim OR Septra? (sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)&trimethoprim(TMP){free} | sulfonamide antibiotics |
| what is the generic name of Bactrim OR Septra? | sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)$trimethoprim(TMP){free} |
| Penicillin is abbreviated | PCN |
| what class is Amoxil? (amoxicillin) | penicillin(PCN)antibiotics |
| what class is Trimox? (amoxicillin) | penicillin(PCN)antibiotics |
| what class is Principen? (ampicillin) | penicillin(PCN)antibiotics |
| what is the generic name of Principen? | ampicillin |
| what class is Pfizerpen OR Bicillin OR Permapen?(penicillin) | penicillin(PCN)antibiotics |
| what class is Ticar? (ticarcillin) | penicillin(PCN)antibiotics |
| what class is dicloxacillin? | penicillin(PCN)antibiotics |
| what class is nafcillin? | penicillin(PCN)antibiotics |
| what class is oxacillin? | penicillin(PCN)antibiotics |
| what class is piperacillin? | penicillin(PCN)antibiotics |
| what class is methicillin? | penicillin(PCN)antibiotics |
| what class is augmentin? | penicillin(PCN)antibiotics |
| Penicillin(PCN)resistant bacteria produce a antagonistic enzyme called | penicillinase |
| MRSA stands for | Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus |
| Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA)is resistant to the following penicillin antibiotics: | methicillin amoxicillin penicillin dicloxacillin nafcillin oxacillin |
| Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA)is normally found in | 1% of the general population |
| The most common place to find Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA)is a | hospital OR nursing facility |
| Most Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA)infections are not serious but some can be | life threatening |
| Risk factors for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA)infection include: | 1.)Diabetes Mellitus(DM) 2.)Cancer(Ca) 3.)Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS) |
| Outbreaks of Community Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(CAMRSA)have been seen where people share close quarters such as | schools,gyms,and day care centers |
| The most effective technique to prevent transmission of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA)is | proper hand washing |
| PRSP stands for | Penicillin Resistant Streptococcus pneumonia |
| what class is cefadroxil? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Duricef? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefazolin? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cephalexin?{free) | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Keflex? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefaclor? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Ceclor? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefditoren? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Spectracef? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefotetan? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefoxitin? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Mefoxin? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefprozil? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Cefzil? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefuroxime? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Ceftin? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Zinacef? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefdinir? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Omnicef? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefepime? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Maxipime? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefixime? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Suprax? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefoperazone? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Cefobid? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefotaxime? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Claforan? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is cefpodoxime? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Vantin? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is ceftazidime? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Tazicef? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Ceptaz? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Fortaz? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is ceftibuten? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Cedax? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is ceftizoxime? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Rocephin? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Ceftobiprole? | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA)is resistant to cephalosporin antibiotics except | Ceftobiprole |
| Many patients who are allergic to penicillin(PCN)antibiotics are also allergic to | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| what class is Garamycin? (gentamicin) | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| what class is kanamycin? | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| what class is Kantrex? | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| what class is amakacin? | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| what class is Amakin? | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| what class is neomycin? | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| what class is paromomycin? | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| what class is Humatin? | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| what class is streptomycin? | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| what class is tobramycin? | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| what class is TOBI? | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| what class is Tobrex? | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| Aminoglycoside antibiotics can be | nephrotoxic(kidney failure)and/or ototoxic(deafness) |
| what class is Vibramycin or Vibra-Tabs(doxycycline)? | tetracycline antibiotics |
| what class is demeclocycline? | tetracycline antibiotics |
| what class is Declomycin? | tetracycline antibiotics |
| what class is Mincoycline? | tetracycline antibiotics |
| what class is Dynacin? | tetracycline antibiotics |
| what class is Minocin? | tetracycline antibiotics |
| what class is tetracycline? | tetracycline antibiotics |
| what class is Sumycin? | tetracycline antibiotics |
| what class is Cipro? (ciprofloxacin) | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| Cipro(ciprofloxacin)can lose effectiveness if combined with | fruit juices |
| what class is Zithromax Z-Pak? (azithromycin) | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| what class is Biaxin? | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| what class is Levaquin? | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| what class is Floxin? | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| what class is Avelox? | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| E.E.S. OR Eryzole OR Eryderm OR Eryc OR EryPed OR Erythrocin OR Ery-Tab OR Pediazole AKA | erythromycin |
| Erythromycin drops(gtt)are commonly used to treat Sexually Transmitted Diseases(STDs)in the eyes of a | neonate(NewBorn){NB} |
| what class is Vancocin? (vancomycin) | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| Vancocin(vancomycin)is commonly prescribed to treat | Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA) |
| VRSA stands for | Vancomycin Resisant Staphylococcus |
| Probenecid is a medication that | prolongs the therapeutic blood levels of ampicillin and cephalosporins |
| A class of medications that some antibiotics have an antagonistic effect upon are the | Oral Contraceptive Pills(OCP)AKA Birth Control Pills(BCP) |
| AIDS stands for | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
| HIV stands for | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| Only 55 cases of occupational exposure has resulted in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) | infection |
| The "window period"for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)is | 2 weeks to 6 months |
| The "window period" is the time between exposure to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) | and detection with a blood test |
| A person with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)can transmit the virus to others during the | window period |
| The average incubation period between Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)exposure and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)is | 2-10 years |
| The diagnosis of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)occurs when the CD4 T lymphocyte count drops below 200 mm(floating 3)OR | an opportunistic infection occurs |
| Opportunistic infection include: | 1.)PCP(Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia) 2.)TB (TuBerculosis) 3.)KS(Kaposi's sarcoma) 4.)Herpes Simplex Virus(HSV)1+11 |
| Herpes Simplex Virus 1(HSV1)causes | herpetic stomatitis AKA cold sores |
| Herpes Simplex Virus 11 (HSV11)causes | genital herpes |
| Herpes zoster causes | shingles |
| Candida albicans(candidiasis) causes | vaginal yeast (fungal)infections and thrush(oral cavity) |
| Antiviral medications work by | interfering with the reproductive cycle of the virus targeted |
| what class is Retrovir? (zidovudine) | Antiviral medications to treat the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) |
| what class is Epivir? (lamivudine) | Antiviral medications to treat the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) |
| what class is Sustiva? (efavirenz)(EFV) | Antiviral medications to treat the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) |
| Retrovir (zidovudine) Epivir(lamivudine) and Sustiva(efavirenz) are routinely given in combination and called an | "AIDS" cocktail |
| These antiviral medications to treat the Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS) must be taken every day in order to prevent the Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) from developing a | resistance |
| Lithobid(lithium) is used to treat the Human Immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDs)because of the side effect of | leukocytosis |
| Leukocytosis means | an elevated White Blood cell Count(WBC) |
| Lithobid(lithium)is primarily used to treat | Bipolar Mental Disorder(BMD) AKA Manic-Depressive Illness(MDI) |
| what class is acyclovir? (Zovirax) | antiviral medications used to treat herpes simplex virus 1(HSV1)Antiviral medications used to treat the herpes simplex virus 11 (HSV11)antiviral medications used to treat herpes zoster(shingles) |
| what class is Abreva? | antiviral medications used to treat herpes simplex virus 1(HSV1) |
| what class is Valtrex? | antiviral medications used to treat the herpes simplex virus 11 (HSV11)antiviral medications used to treat herpes zoster(shingles) |
| what class is Zostrix? | antiviral medications used to treat herpes zoster(shingles) |
| what class is Tamiflu? | Antiviral medications used to treat influenza A and B |
| what class is Relenza? | Antiviral medications used to treat influenza A and B |
| what class is Symmetrel? | Antiviral medications used to treat influenza A and B |
| Fungal infections (dermatophytosis) include: | 1.)Ringworm AKA tinea corporis 2.)Athlete's foot AKA tinea pedis 3.)Jock itch AKA tinea cruris 4.)Fungal infection of the scalp AKA tinea capitis("cradle cap") 5.)Candida albicans (candidiasis)AKA vaginal yeast infection or thrush -missing one- |
| Fungal infections(dermatophytosis) include:(the one that was missed) | Onychomycosis which is a fungal infection of the nails |
| Medications used to treat fungal infections(dermatophytosis)are called | antifungals |
| what class is Diflucan? (fluconazole) | antifungal |
| what class is Nizoral? (ketoconazole) | antifungal |
| what class is amphotericin B AKA Fungizone? | antifungal |
| what class is Monistat or Vagistat AKA miconazole OR tioconazole? | antifungal |
| The bag or battle containing IntraVenous(I.V.)fluid,connecting tubing,and a needle or flexible catheter inserted in the vein is called an | IntraVenous(I.V.)line |
| IntraVenous(I.V.)infusion rate orders are usually expressed as | Milliliter(mL)/hour OR Cubic Centimeters(cc)/hour |
| When an IntraVenous(I.V.)fluid os administered over several hours it is called an | IntraVenous(I.V.)drip |
| A drop (gt)is AKA | minim |
| A small bag/bottle of medication connected into the IntraVenous(I.V.)tubing and hung next to the main IntraVenous(I.V.)bag/bottle is called an | IntraVenous PiggyBack (IVPB) |
| IntraVenous(I.V.)tubing has a rubber stoppers to inject medications called | ports |
| For a medication to reach the bloodstream immediately, it is injected into an IntraVenous(I.V.)port and is called an | IntraVenous Push(IVP) |
| Another name for this IntraVenous(I.V.)loading dose is | bolus |
| A very slow infusion of IntraVenous(I.V.)fluid designed to prevent coagulation from occurring at the opening of the InteraVenous(I.V.)catheter is called | Keep Vein Open(KVO) AKA To Keeo Open(TKO) |
| Intermittent administration of IntraVenous(I.V.)medications and fluids via an IntraVenous(I.V.)access site without the IntraVenous(I.V.)tubing or continuous IntraVenous(I.V.)infusion is called a | reseal OR HEParin LOCK("hep-lock") |
| what class is Heparin? | anticoagulant |
| A computer that controls the amount of IntraVenous(I.V.)solution delivered to a patient(Pt)is called an | infusion pump |
| A programmable device allowing a patient(Pt)to administer their own IntraVenous(I.V.)analgesic(narcotic)is called | Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) |
| A catheter inserted into a peripheral vein AND advanced to the superior vena cava for prolonged IntraVenous(I.V.)therapy such as antineoplastics(chemotherapy)is called a | Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter(PICC) |
| Common INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS(IVF) include: | 1.)D5W which stands for dextrose 5% in Water 2.)D10W which stands for Dextrose 10% in Water 3.)D50W which stands for Dextrose 50% in Water |
| Dextrose is one type of | sugar |
| NS or NSS which stands for | Normal Saline Solution AKA 0.9% sodium chloride (NacL) |
| 1/2 NS OR 1/2 NSS which stands for | one half normal Saline Solution AKA 0.45% sodium chloride(NaCL) |
| The term saline means | salt |
| The salts of the body are also referred to as | electrolytes("lytes")AND include: sodium(Na),potassium(K),AND ChLoride(CL) D5/NSS which stands for dextrose 5% with 0.9% sodium chloride(NaCL) |
| LR which stands for | Lactated Ringer's AKA Ringer's Lactate(RL) |
| Ringer's lactate is a solution made of fixed amounts of | dextrose,sodium(Na),potassium(K),ChLoride(CL), CALcium(Ca),AND lactate. |
| D5/RL which stands for | Dextrose 5% and Ringer's Lactate |
| TPN which stands for | Total Parental Nutrition AKA hyperalimentation("hyperal") |
| Total Parenteral Nutrition(TPN)is | complete nutrition provided through an IntraVenous(I.V.)catheter,Such nutrition will include: A.IntraVenous(I.V.)lipids AKA Intralipid OR Liposyn. B.)Amino acids for protein creation C.)Salts(electrolytes) D.)Sugar(dextrose) |
| Lipids are | fats |
| M.V.I which stands for | MultiVitamins for Injection |
| WB which stands for | Whole Blood |
| Erythrocytes which are | Red Blood Cells (RBCs) |
| Leukocytes which are | White Blood Cells(WBCs) |
| Thrombocytes AKA | platelets (clot cells) |
| Plasma which is the | liquid portion of the blood containing proteins and clotting factors |
| PRBCs which stands for | Packed Red Blood Cells |
| Packed Red Blood Cells(PRBC)are | concentrated numbers of erythrocytes(RBCs)AND very little plasma |
| FFP which stands for | Fresh Frozen Plasma |
| Crpoprecipitates which refers to | clotting factor(s) |
| Crpoprecipitates are used to treat the genetic coagulopathy | hemphillia |
| Albumin(Alb.)which is a | blood protein |
| Dextran which is a | plasma volmune expander |
| Blood products are commonly measured in | Units(U). |
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