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Stack #1512670
Personality
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carl Jung | Highlighted universal themes in the unconscious as a source of creativity and insight. Found opportunities for personal growth by finding meaning in moments of coincidence |
| Alfred Adler | Focused on the fight against feelings of inferiority as a theme at the core of personality, although he may have been projecting from his own experience |
| Karen Horney | Criticized the Freudian portrayal of women as weak and subordinate to men. She highlighted the need to feel secure in relationships. |
| Flaws in Freud’s scientific method | hindsight bias, biased observation,unrepresentative sampling,unfalsifiable |
| person-centered therapy - developed by Carl Rogers | The therapist listens to the needs of the patient in an accepting and non-judgmental way, addressing problems in a productive way and building his or her self-esteem. |
| The three conditions that facilitate growth (just as water, nutrients, and light facilitate the growth of a tree): | honesty,acceptance,empathy |
| Gordon Allport decided | that Freud overvalued unconscious motives and undervalued our real, observable personality styles/traits. |
| trait | An enduring quality that makes a person tend to act a certain way. |
| Myers and Briggs wanted | Myers and Briggs wanted to to study individual behaviors and statements to find how people differed in personality: having different traits |
| Trait theory of personality: | That we are made up of a collection of traits, behavioral predispositions that can be identified and measured, traits that differ from person to person |
| what is The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) | The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a questionnaire categorizing people by traits |
| Extraverts tend | (mind)to have low levels of brain activity, making it hard to suppress impulses, and leading them to seek stimulation |
| The trait of shyness appears | (body)to be related to high autonomic system reactivity, an easily triggered alarm system. |
| Selective breeding of animals seems to | (Genes)create lifelong differences in traits such as aggression, sociability, or calmness, suggesting genetic roots for these traits |
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI): | Designed to identify people with personality difficulties T/F questionnaire; items were selected because they correlated with various traits, emotions, attitudes |
| The Eysencks felt that people varied along two dimensions. Current cross-cultural research and theory supports the expansion from two dimensions to five factors: what are those 5 factors | conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openess,extraversion. (C.A.N.O.E.) |
| stability | One’s distinctive mix of traits doesn’t change much over the lifespan. |
| Predictive value | Levels of success in work and relationships relates to traits such as openness and conscientiousness. |
| Heritability | For most traits, genes account for 50% of the variation among individuals |
| over the years of our developments, do our traits change? | The evidence shows that it takes time for personality to stabilize. Traits do change, but less and less so over time. We change less, become more consistent . |
| Albert Bandura believes that Personality is: | The result of an interaction that takes place between a person and their social context , involving how we think about ourselves and our situations. |
| Self-consciousness: The spotlight effect | assuming that people are have attention focused on you when they actually may not be noticing you |
| Self esteem: self-serving bias | We all generally tend to think we are above average. |
| self focus:narcissism | self-absorption, self-gratification, inflated but fragile self-worth) |
| Individualist | cultures value independence. They promote personal ideals, strengths, and goals, pursued in competition with others, leading to individual achievement and finding a unique identity |
| Collectivist | cultures value inter dependence. They promote group and societal goals and duties, and blending in with group identity, with achievement attributed to mutual support. |
| collectivist cultures | those which emphasize group unity, allegiance, and purpose over the wishes of the individual |
| Sigmund Freud | He became aware that many powerful mental processes operate in the unconscious without our awareness. This insight grew into a theory of the structure of human personality and its development: psychoanalysis |
| what trait does not seem to change much during your lifespan | personality |
| Albert Bandura | first conducted research combining social context and how we think about ourselves and situations |
| reciprocal determinism | how personality, thoughts and social environment and reinforce/cause each other |
| biopsychosocial approaches to personality | biological psychological and social-cultural influences all may take part in personality |
| social cultural influences | childhood experiance, ifluence of the situation, and cultural expectaions, social experience |
| narcissism | a key point in this disorder is NO EMPATHY, also no remorse. they only care about themselves |
| WATCH: "DOGS decoded" on netflix | |
| social psychology | studies emotions cognitions motivations reinforcers, and more |
| attribution | a conclustion about the cause of an observed behavior |
| attribution theory | ex[lain others behavior with 2 types of attributions |
| situational attribution | factors outside the person doing the action such as peer pressure |
| dispositional attribution | the persons stable enduring traits, personality, ability, emotions. |
| the foot in the door phenomenon | leading off with a small request with a larger goal in mind |
| the effects of playing a role | changing and bending your personality to fit the role you are in charge of playing at that time |
| zimbardo (1972) | assigned the roles of guards and prisoners to random students and found that guards and prisoners developed role-appropriate attitudes |
| cognitive dissonance | when our attitudes and actions are opposed, we experience tension. |
| mimicry | wear same clothing and do some of the same things as your social group |
| chameleon effect | unintentionally mirroring the body position and mood of others around us leading to contagious yawning, contagious arm fold..etc |
| asch conformity | about one third of people will agree with the group |
| milgram | wanted to study the influence of direct comands on behavior. |
| obedience | response to commands |
| milgrams experiment | shock experiment |
| milgram found by conducting his experiment... | majority of people were found to continue following orders when put under pressure from the authority |
Created by:
hunny518
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