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Geo. 14 & 15 vocab.
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cherenozem | Rich black topsoil found in the northern European plain, especially in Russia and Ukrain |
Kums | Sandy deserts in the Turan Lowland, as in Kara Kum |
Permafrost | permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground. |
Tundra | vast treeless plains in cold northern climates, by permafrost and small, low plants such as mosses |
taiga | Russian term for the cast subarctic forest, mainly evergreens , that begins where the tundra end; also used for subarctic climate regions in general |
Steppe | wide grassy plains of Eurasia, stretching from the black sea to the altai mountains |
Ethnic groups | group of people who share a common ancestry, language, customs, religion, |
Nationalities | large, distinct ethnic groups within a country, used especiallu in Russia and Eurasian Republics |
Czar | Emperor or Supreme Ruler |
serf | laborer owned by a noble an obliged to remain on the land where he or she worked |
Socialism | political philosophy that originally called for ownership of all land and factories by peasants and workers |
Russification | government program that required everyone in the empire to speak Russian and to become a Christian |
communism | social and political movement developed by Marx and Lenin that favored revolution to est. a classless society in which workers would control industrial production |
Perestroika | Restructing part of gorbachevs plan for reforming soviet government |
glasnost | Russian term for new openess |
athiest | person who does not believe in God |
icon | religious image, usually including a picture of Jesus mary or a saint used mainly by orthodox Christians |
patriarch | an important christian bishop or leader, today the head of an independent eastern orthodox church of the armenian apostolic church |
pogram | attack on jews carried out by government troops or officials |
socialist relaism | in the soviet union, realistic style of art and literature that gloristic soviet deals ideals and goals |