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chap 6
groups and organizations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| attribution error | erroneously attributing the causes of someones behavior to only their membership in some out-group |
| attribution theory | the principal that dis-positional attributions are made about others- out of group membership |
| bureaucracy | a type of formal organization characterized by an authority hierarchy, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality |
| coercive organization | an organization characterized by membership that is largely involuntary |
| dyad | a group consisting of two people |
| expressive needs | needs for intimacy, companionship and emotional support |
| formal organization | a large secondary group organized to accomplish a complex task or set of tasks |
| group | a collection of individuals who interact and communicate, share goals and norms, subjective awareness of "we" |
| group size effect | the effect upon a person of groups of varying sizes |
| groupthink | the tendency for group members to reach a consensus at all costs |
| instrumental needs | emotionally neutral, task-oriented needs |
| normative organization | an organization that people join in order to pursue goals they consider worthwhile |
| primary group | a group characterized by intimate face-to-face interaction and relatively long-lasting relationships |
| reference group | any group used by the individual as a standard for evaluating his or her attitudes, values or behaviors |
| risky shift | the tendency for group members, after discussion and interaction to engage in riskier behavior than while alone |
| secondary group | a group that is relatively large in number and not as intimate or enduring as a primary group |
| social network | a set of links between individuals or other social units such as groups or organizations |
| total institution | an organization cut off from the rest of society in which individuals are subject to strict social control |
| triad | a group consisting of three people |
| triadic segregation | the tendency for a triad to separate into a dyad and an isolate |
| utilitarian organization | an organization either profit or non that is joined by individuals for specific such as monetary reward |
| voluntary organization | organizations that people join to pursue goals they consider worthwhile |
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