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TRUE OR FALSE: Anticipatory Socialization occurs primarily during childhood; resocialization occurs during adulthood.
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TRUE OR FALSE: A public school or a governmental agency would be examples of a "total institution"
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SOC UNIT 2 EXAM
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| TRUE OR FALSE: Anticipatory Socialization occurs primarily during childhood; resocialization occurs during adulthood. | FALSE |
| TRUE OR FALSE: A public school or a governmental agency would be examples of a "total institution" | FALSE |
| Cooleys looking-glass self involves: a. perception and effect b. the perception of how others see us c. the effect of others' judgement on how we feel. d. all of the above | d. all of the above |
| Fuctionalists contend that social institutions: a. assure the stability and continuance of society b. provide for some segments at the expense of others c. distribute power to various segments differentially d. reinforce existing power relationships | assure the stability and continuance of society |
| research indicates that sports: a.more important sources of identity for men b.where ideas about gender differences are formed and reinforced c.significant in the formation of women identity d. less signigicant in the development of male identity | are where many ideas about gender differences are formed and reinforced. |
| women in sports: a.develop sense of inferiority when compared to male athletes b.develop strong sense of bodily and self-competence c. rarely develop bonds or sense of group power d. less apt to seek challenges than nonparticipant women | develop a strong sense of bodily and self-competence |
| process through which we learn values, norms and roles of our culture that enable us to acquire and develop our sense of self is referred to as: a. social identification b. socialization c. social enabling d. social imprinting | socialization |
| Which statement is true about peers as agents of soc a. peer relations vary among groups b. compared to other agents, peers are less important c. peer culture less important among children than adults d. peers only significant agents in adults | peer relationships vary among different groups. |
| most fundamental concept of socialization is that a.behavior is direct result of rewards and punishments from our parents b.anticipatory socialization is more important for children c.self image results from how we interpret other people's view of us | our self image results from how we interpret other people's view of us |
| social learning theory: a.expectations represented by superego b.family division of labor shapes identity c.young children learn logical principles that shape external world d.expectations of others form social context for learning social roles | young children learn the logical principles that shape the external world |
| According to Nancy Chodorow's theory: a. socialization is result of rewards and punishments b.boys' looking glass is confident because they have a penis c. boys break early attachment to nurturing women d. all of above | boys have to break their early attachment to nurturing women |
| social learning theory emphasizes: a.importance of nature on socialization b.societal context of socialization c.belief that identity is product of unconscious d.all of the above | the societal context of socialization |
| "self reflects need and interest of powerful groups in society, although people also resist these influences" this statement reflect: a.conflict theory b.functionalism c.social learning theory d.symbolic interaction theory | conflict theory |
| TRUE OR FALSE: teachers are likely to perceive middle and upper class children as less bright and less motiated. | FALSE |
| "children learn through taking roles of significant others" this statement most closely reflects: a.conflict theory b.functionalism c.social learning theory d.symbolic interaction theory | symbolic interaction theory |
| Sex ad race are examples of: a.acquired b.assumed c.ascribed d.achieved | ascribed |
| TRUE OR FALSE: adult socialization learning behaviors and attitudes appropriate to specific situations and roles more than at earlier stages in life. | TRUE |
| A consequence of socialization is that it: a.establishes self-concepts b.created the capacity for role-taking c. creates the tendency for people to act in socially acceptable ways d.all of the above | all of the above |
| TRUE OR FALSE: social control may be exerted by peer ridicule or punishment | TRUE |
| resocialization is a process that: a.takes place over lifetime, involves continuity with former self as it undergoes gradual redefinition b. alters or replaces existing social roles c.occurs informally d.occurs when people enter organizational settin | radically alters or replaces existing social roles. |
| TRUE OR FALSE: social learning theory suggests that identity is the product of the unconscious | FALSE |
| The established position that one occupies within a social structure and that carries with it a degree of prestige is called a: a.status b.status role c.role d.role set | status |
| Nancy Chodorow argues: a.infants identify with same sex parents b.self emerges through separating oneself from primary caretakes c.. division of labor in family shapes identity formation d. all of the above | all of the above |
| a firefighter and a pharmacist are examples of: a.acquired b.assumed c. ascribed d. achieved | achieved |
| TRUE OR FALSE: socialization experience differs for individuals depending on both obvious factors (race, gender) and subtle factors (attractiveness, personality) | TRUE |
| which statement is true about socialization: a.begins the moment at birth b.adolescence has always been viewed as a separate phase in life cycle c. socialization ends when one becomes an adult. d.earliest transitions experienced is passage to old age | socialization begins the moment a person is born. |
| TRUE OR FALSE: sociologist think the looking glass self is evidence that we are too preoccupied with what other people think of us. | FALSE |
| a status that is occupied from the moment of birth (race, sex) is called a(an) ___ status. | ascribed. |
| true about family as an agent: a.family rarely first source of socialization b.minimal importance in a child's development c.what children learn in families is not uniform d. parent can social children in less gender-stereotyped ways use media | c. what children learn in families is not uniform--even though families pass on the expectations of a given culture |
| "people respond to social stimuli in their environment" reflects: a. conflict theory b. functionalism c. social learning theory d. symbolic interaction theory | social learning theory |
| social learning theory is primary represented in sociology by: a. symbolic interaction theory b. social conflict theory c. the equilibrium theory d. functionalism | symbolic interaction theory |
| regarding socialization, functionalists say: a. useful to society to be concerned with others reactions b. powerful people need the poor to have low self-esteem c.no need for total institutions in a healthy society d. people are resistant to authority | it is useful to the society for us to be concerned with the reactions of others |
| TRUE OR FALSE: ascribed status differ from achieved statuses in that they are exempt from the process of social construction | FALSE |
| anticipatory socialization is about... | thinking ahead |
| nancy chodrow is most associated with what idea? | gender identity |
| george herbet mead is most associated with what idea? | Generalized other |
| charles horton cooley is more associated with what idea? | the looking glass self |
| the natural consequence of socialization; the tendency to be sensitive to the feedback of and prefer the approval of others | Conformity |
| simply, behavior which violates the norms. learned through interaction with others. (socialization) | deviance |
| people will give clearly wrong answers if enough people, consistently enough, do so before them. | Solomon Asch |
| People will hurt others to the point of inflicting deadly levels of electric shock if a person in 'authority' tells them to and says they will take responsibility for the result | Stanley Milgram |
| people will act in accordance with what they think the status they are in requires, even if that is contrary to their individual personality of values. (prisoners and guards) | Philip Zimbardo |
| the tendency in organizational life for people to not express contrary opinions and for the inner group to exclude those who question or present contrary opinion. EX: a president who creates a cabinet of people that share his similar belief. | Groupthink |
| the tendency for people in groups to take different decisions or actions than they would alone. usually riskier. (crowd behavior) | risky shift |
| deviance is useful and necessary for society. helps to clarify boundaries when some people cross them. builds social cohesion. unites the public. deviance is necessary for gradual process of social change. | functionalist perspective on deviance |
| those with wealth, power and authority have to ability to control the definition of deviance. power is stigmatized to control the lower social classes. makes the middle class have loyalty to the upper class. | Conflict perspective on deviance |
| we learn deviance the same way we learn conforming behavior. we tend to learn that which is available to learn (matter of possibilities) | Interactionist perspective on deviance |
| Labeling Theory qualities EX: Saints and Troublemakers in HS | everyone engages in some deviance. someone has the power to create and enforce the label 'deviant' and select some and not others for the label. authority keeps looking for behavior that reinforces the label. over time, the label attaches to senseofself |
| Subculture Theory qualities | subcultures form both as a part of the social structure & as a result of things like labeling, which creates groups with shared identity. stigmatized subcults experience 'reaction formation' subcults hold on to diff. behaviors than dominant society |
| Structural Strain Theory (associated with Robert Merton) | most deviance is not poor socialization. tradeoffs between norms and values of society. social structure puts barriers between the knowledge of the norms & values of society & the ability of some of its members to live up to them. |
| turning stigma into a source of pride to salvage self esteem | reaction formation |
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washbum