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psychology unit3 ch4

sleep

TermDefinition
Alpha waves The typical brainwave pattern (reasonably high frequency - but not as high as beta waves - and low amplitude - but slightly higher than beta waves) that occurs when awake but very relaxed.
Amplitude In terms of brain waves, the height of the peaks and troughs of the curved graph that represents brain wave activity.
Beta waves Typical brainwave pattern (high frequency and low amplitude) during NWC, associated with being alert, active, anxious and paying (selective) attention.
Cataplexy/muscle atonia The total relaxation of muscles to the point of paralysis when in REM sleep.
Circadian rhythm Biological rhythms that occur approximately once every 24 hours, for example the sleep-wake cycle and body temperature.
Deep sleep Collectively stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep
Delta waves The typical brainwave pattern (a steady pattern of low frequency and high amplitude) associated with NREM deep sleep - especially stage 4.
Frequency In terms of brain waves, the number of brainwaves per second.
Hypnogogic (hypnic) jerks Involuntary muscle twitches that cause us to jolt are common; usually experienced in Stage 1 NREM sleep (part of hypnogogic state).
Hypnogogic state The relaxed state that occurs during the transition from being awake to being asleep, often considered to be part of Stage 1 sleep.
Hypnogram A type of polysomnographic graph representing the cycles of sleep.
Hypnopompic state The period between being asleep and waking up, a time when the brainwaves are predominantly alpha waves.
Hypnopompic images Vivid images that are often seen during the hypnopompic state.
K-complexes Brain wave patterns that consist of a sharp rise and fall in amplitude, lasting for about 2 seconds on the EEG. Indicative of stage 2 NREM sleep, occurring about once a minute although can be triggered by external stimuli.
NREM sleep One of two phases of sleep, characterised by little or no rapid eye movement, and often divided into four stages of NREM sleep that are determined predominately by predominant brain wave patterns.
REM sleep One of two phases (REM and NREM) of sleep, characterised by rapid eye movement.
Restorative (restore and recover) theories of sleep Sleep allows us to recharge our bodies, recover from the physical and psychological work during the day and allow our body's growth processes to occur.
Sawtooth waves Associated with REM sleep; a special type of theta-like brainwave pattern that resemble the blade of a saw and may be found amongst the random and fast beta-like waves, especially when there is a burst of rapid eye movement.
Sleep spindles Brain wave patterns that consist of rapid bursts of high frequency, often associated with stage 2 NREM sleep but canbe found in stages 3 and 4 also.
Slow wave sleep Collectively stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep.
Somnambulism Sleep walking, which occurs in stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep, and usually involved routine tasks performed.
Survival (adaptive and evolutionary) theories of sleep Sleep serves as a means to increase an animals chances of survival in its environment - it allows us to adapt to our environment and depends on how much food we need, how available it is and how safe it is when we sleep. These have evolved over time.
Theta waves The typical brainwave pattern (medium frequency and mixed amplitude) during the early stages of sleep.
Ultradian rhythm A biological rhythm that is shorter than 24 hours, such as NREM/REM sleep cycle.
Created by: lydiamcc
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