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Domain Archaea
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Methanogens (archea)
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Bio

Biology 121, protists, bacteria, fungi

QuestionAnswer
Domain Archaea Extremophiles-thermo, Halobacterium,sulfolobus,
Methanogens (archea) produce methane, anaerobic
Domain Bacteria majority of prokaryotic
Prokaryote Characteristics Unicellular, lack nuclear envelope, lack membrane enclosed organelles, have cell wall (peptidoglycan-Bacteria), Circular Chromosome
autotrophs self feeder
hetertrophs other feeder
gram positive purple,
gram negative more complex cell wall, red, anti biotic resistant
Proteobacteria -gram negative
alpha (proto bacteria) rhizobium, agrobacterium
Gamma (proto bacteria) legionella, salmonella, vibrio Cholerae,
Delta (proto bacteria) myxobacteria, bdelovibros- predators
Epsilon (proto bacteria) helicobacter, stomach
Chlamidas(bacteria) blindness, STD
Spirochetes(bacteria) Free living, also syphills, lyme disease
Cyanobacteria PS, fresh and marine phytoplankton, N-fixation
Gram positive branched chains, actinomycetes- soil, but leprosy/tuberculosis, streptomycin- antibiotic, also anthrax, botulism, staph,strep, mycoplasmas-no cell wall
Importance of Bacteria N-Fixers and other mutualizes
Importance of bacteria intestinal bacteria synthesize human vitamins
Importance of bacteria decomposition
importance of bacteria engineered antibiotics and hormones
importance of bacteria cheese and yogurts, transgenic plants, bioremediation, mining metal ore
Bad things of bacteria a pathogen that is 1/2 of human disease
bad things of bacteris endo and exo toxins
kingdom fungi molds, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, yeasts, lichens, mychorrhizae
general characteristics of fungi Eukaryotic, heterotrophic, absorptive, secrete enzyme, break down OM, cell walls made of chitin, mostly multicellular, non motile, evolved rom aquatic, unicellular, flagellated protist
hyphae tubular cells, cell walls wit chitin
mycelium network of hyphae, infiltrate food source max SA
plasmogamy fusion of cytoplasm (fungi sex)
karyogamy fusion of 22 nuclei (fungi sex)
phylum chytridiomycota (fungi) lakes and soils, decomposers/parasites, amphinians decline, sheep guts
phylum zygomycota (fungi) molds for breads fruits, philobus aiming sporangia
phylum glomeromycota (fungi) ,arbuscular, mycorrhizae, (90% of plants)
Phylum Ascomycota (fungi) marine, fresh water, terrestrial, produce spores in sac like ascu, truffle morels, plant pathogens, yeast, athletes foot, ergot, lichens
Phylum Basidomycota (fungi) mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, mycorrhizae, rustsm smuts, decomposers- wood
importance of fungi bakers yeast, brewers yeast, decomposers, morels, truffles, cheeses (blue, roquefort), penicillin, mychorrhizae
bad things about fungi plant pathogens, dutch elm disease,
mutualism (fungi) mycorrhizae vs nutrients,
mutualism (fungi) lichen/ algae cyanobacteria. PS N-fixing
Mutualism (fungi) animal fungi- guts of grazing animals
General characteristics of protists Eukaryotic, uicellular-extremly specialized, habitats-world wide, damp to aquatics, reprodroduction- most asexual, nutrition- autotroph, hetertroph, mixotroph, movement- flagellates, cillates, amoebas, sporazoan, taxonomic organization.
monophyletic group common ancestor, all descendants
paraphyletic group common ancestor, some but not all descendants
polyphyletic group 2 or more ancestors
Excavata lack plastids, modified mitochondria, anaerobic flagella
Diplomonads (excavata) mary parasitic, giardia, infects mammalian intestines, transmitted via contaminated water, 2 nuclei 4 pair of flagella.
Parabasalids (excavata) trichomonas vaginalis, infects human vagina, sexually transmitted, affects pregnancy, 5 flagella, undulation membrane
Euglenozoans (excavata)- crystalline rod in flagella
kineotoplast- 1 mitochondria w/ organized mass of DNA, trypanosome, (sleeping sickness) infects human blood lymph, nervous system, tsere fly, evades immune cyst, coat protine
euglinids flagella, mixotroph phagocytic
Chromaveolata engulfed a red algea (color, alveli)
dinoflagellates (chromalveolata) 2 flagella, cells reinforced by cellulose plates, phytoplankton, red tides, marine and fresh water, auto/hetertrophic, bioluminescence
apicomplexans (chromaveolata) animal, parasites, apex- complex of organelles for penetrating host, malaria (plasmodium) infects humans and mosquitos (2-host life cycle) sporozoites, merozoites, gametocytes, yore, oocyst
Ciliates (chromalveolata) paramecium, use cilia to move and feed, micronuclei- daily function,, micronuclei-reproduction, conjugation exchange haploid micronuclei
Diatoms (chromalveolata)(stramenophiles)- marine and fresh water, unicellular, pigment CHL A+C, carotenoids, fucoxanthin (gold brown carotenoids) silica in cell wall, 2 halves(box) reproduce - asexual, storage compounds-laminarin, lipids, 25% phytoplankton.
Golden Algea (Chromaveolata) mixotrophs, phytoplankton
oomycetes (chromalveolata) water molds, white rusts, powdery mildew, potato blight, cells with cellulose, once thought to be fungi,
Brown algea (chromalveolata)- dominate costal areas- fucus (rock weed)"seaweeds" exchange increases differentiation, thallus-holdfast, stripe, blades, conduction cells,flats Dichotomous branching, CHL A+C, carotenoids, fucoxanthin, (see binder for more)
Rhizaria amoebas, pseudopods, hetertrophs
Cercozoans (rhizaria) ameoboid and flagellated, marine FW, soil, also mixotrophs
forams (rhizaria)"little hole" pseudopods thru, external CACO3 shells, marine and FW, sedimentary, symbiotic algea
Radiolarins (rhizaria) central body, internal silica skeletons, micro tubules radiate out, marine
Red algae (archaeplastida)- rhodos, phyta, pigments CHL A, phycerythrin, color- black to green, good at extracting what little light penetrates, stores cellulose in cell walls, important use in creams
Chlorophytes (archaeplastida)- green algae, CHL A+B carotenoids, starch, cell walls, cellulose, unicellular, filamentous, multicellular, increases in size and complexity, specialization most fresh water
Unikonta amoebas with lobe/ tube shaped pseudopods, animal/ fungi hetertrophs, decomposers
Slime molds (unikonta) solitary, then group, Plasmodial-bright colors..2n plasmodium- super cell,,, cellular- single cell-food scarce- affregate,n soil free living and parasitic
Gymamoebas (Unikonta) soil, FWm marine, heterotrophs
Entamoebas Parasites,E. histoytica-dysentry
Created by: 100000381263188
 

 



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