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Learning and Memory

Exam 1: Chapter 1

QuestionAnswer
Learning the process by which changes in behavior arise as the result of experience interacting with the world
Memory the record of our past experiences, which are acquired through learning
Nativist humans are shaped primarily by inherited nature ; PLATO
Empiricist humans are shaped primarily by experiences (nurture) ; ARISTOTLE, LOCKE
Descarte's Dualism immaterial soul (our ability to think freely and make decisions) and mechanical body (similar to machines)
Rules of Association CONTIGUITY, FREQUENCY, SIMILARITY
Contignuity experiences near each other in time/space are joined together
Frequency experiences often repeated are connected more strongly
Similarity experiences similar to one another are connected
Evolution the theory that species can change over time, and that all existing species are descendants of common ancestors
Empirical actually collected data
Experimental manipulated an independent variable to observe the outcome on a dependent variable
Quantitative expressed observations numerically
Classical Conditioning Pavlov's dogs
Law of Effect behaviors with positive effects are repeated; behaviors with negative effects are not
Ebbinghaus self study of savings on learning nonsense words
Pavlov laws of association with classical conditioning in dogs
Thorndike law of effect as cats learn to solve a puzzle
Behaviorism behavior is observable, objective, and quantifiable. Mental provesses such as dreams, feelings, and the subconscious are not directly observable therefore cannot be studied scientifically
Cognitive Approach mental processes cannot be directly observed, but can be studied objectively
George Miller digit span limits represent an overload of a memory system with a capacity of 7 items
Created by: beanziebopper
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