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Chap 4 Notes
Chapter 4 Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Root words originating from Latin | Generally refer to Anatomy of the body |
| Root words originating from Greek | Generally refer to Diagnosis and surgery |
| Suffix | Modifier attached to the end of the root word to clarify the meaning |
| Prefix | Attached to the front of the root word to clarify its meaning |
| Combining Vowels | Used to connect the prefix, root word or suffix parts of the term |
| Medical and Pharmaceutical nomenclature is a system made up of these four elements | Root words, Prefixes, Suffixes, Combining Vowels |
| The Cardiovascular System | Distributes blood throughout the body using blood vessels called arteries, capillaries and veins. |
| Blood is made up of | Red blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets and plasma |
| Another word for red blood cell | Erythrocytes |
| Another word for White blood cell | Leukocytes |
| Systolic Phase | When blood is forced out of the heart, the increased pressure on the system is called the systolic phase. 1st number on a bp reading |
| Diastolic Phase | AKA the relaxation pressure. the second number reported in a blood pressure monitor |
| Endocrine System | consists of glands that secrete hormones, chemicals that assist in regulating body functions. |
| Organs that act as endocrine glands as well as organs | liver, stomach, pancreas, and kidneys |
| organs that belong primarily to the endocrine system | pituitary gland, the adrenal glands, the thyroid gland and the gonads (ovaries and testes) |
| Pituitary gland | Produced multiple hormones and is located a the base of the brain. Controls the bodies growth and releases hormones into the bloodstream that control the activity of the other glands |
| Thyroid Gland | Located just below the larynx and releases hormones important for regulating body metabolism |
| parathyroid gland | set of 4 smaller parathyroid glands located on the thyroid gland |
| thymus gland | located beneath the sternum |
| Pancreas | produces insulin and glucagon for the body |
| Adrenal glands | located on top of the kidneys. they produce such hormones as aldosterone, cortisol (hydrocortisone), androgens and estrogens |
| The Gastrointestinal Tract | located in the abdomen and surrounded by the peritoneal lining. contains the organs involved in digestion of food and absorbtion of nutrients |
| GI Tract Organs | stomach, small and large intestine, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas |
| Alimentary Tract | refers to the system that goes from the mouth to the anus. |
| Alimentary organs | lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, rectum and anus in addition to the GI tract |
| hepatic duct | carries bile to the liver and the gallbladder to the duodenum |
| pancreas | located behind the stomach, also contributes enzymes to the digestive process |
| integumentary system | the covering of the body, includes skin, hair and nails |
| Hair | Keratinized cells |
| Parts of the integumentary system | hair, nails, skin, mammary glands/ breasts |
| skin is composed of | dermis and epidermis |
| epidermis | has no blood or nerves and is constantly discarding dead cells |
| dermis | made of living cells containing capillaries, nerves and lymphatics. also contains subaceous glands, sweat glands and hair |
| Lymph and blood systems | responsible for collecting plasma water that leaves the blood vessels, filtering it for impurities, through its lymphnodes and returning the lymph fluid back to general circulation |
| lymphocytes | a type of white blood cell that attacks bacteria and diseased cells |
| Parts of the Lymph and blood systems | Spleen, lymph node, lymph vessels. thymus, tonsils, spleen, adenoids are lymphoid organs outside the system |
| Flexor Movement | an expansion or outward movement by muscles |
| Muscular system | the body contains 600 muscles, attached to the bone by tendons |
| involuntary muscles | operate automatically and are found in the heart, the stomach or in the walls of blood vessels |
| antagonist muscles | muscles that contract or bring the limb back to the original position |
| Nervous System | the bodies system of communication |
| neuron | basic functional unit, also transmits information from the brain o the entire body |
| Central nervous system | brain, spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | composed of nerves that branch out of the spinal cord |
| autonomic nervous system | subdivision of the peripheral nervous system, controls the automatic functions of the body eg. breathing, digestion |
| somatic nervous system | subdivision of the peripheral nervous system, controls he voluntary actions eg. muscle movements |
| Skeletal system | protects soft organs and provides structure and support for the body's organ systems |
| skeletal system makeup | mostly osseous tissue. has 206 bones called axial |
| Female reproductive system | produces hormones and provides for childbirth, controls menstruation |
| female reproductive system is made up of: | vagina, uterus, fallopian tubed, ovaries and the external genitalia, as well as the mammary glnds |
| Male reproductive system | produces sperm and secretes the hormone testosterone |
| Male reproductive system contains | primarily the testicles, seminal glands, prostate gland, |
| foreskin | prepuce |
| Respiratory system | brings oxegyn into the body through inhalation and expels carbon dioxide gas by exhaling |
| Respiratory system contains: | sinuses, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, lungs, bronchial tubes, alveoli, and diaphram |
| Urinary Tract | responsible for removing waste materials from the blood. |
| urinary tract includes: | kidneys, ureters, urinary blader, and urethra |
| nephron | functional unit of the kidney |
| The ear | controls hearing and the maintenance of the bodies equilibrium |
| The inner ear labrynth consists of: | Vestibule, the cochlea, and the semicircular canals |
| the middle ear consists of 3 bony structures: | malleus, incus, and stapes |
| conjunctiva | the bloodrich membrane between the eye and eyelid. |
| lacrimal glands | several glans that secrete fluid to protect and lubricate the eye |
| 3 layers of the eye | 1. outer layer= sclera (white part) and the cornea 2. the choroid; contains blood vessels that nourish the eye 3. retina |
Created by:
megancarter
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