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Chap 1 notes
Notes from Chap. 1
| Term | Answer/Definition |
|---|---|
| Sumerians | ancient people from @4000bc that believed demons were the cause of illness |
| Imhotep | Egyptian 1st physician known by name, priest and advisor to pharoahs, Egyptian god of medicine |
| Hippocrates | Greek physician @ 400bc. developed more scientific approach that guided western medicine. |
| Hippocratic Oath | written by Hippocrates for Physicians to honor and follow |
| Aesculapius | Ancient greek physician said to have ben such a great Dr., that he was killed by Zeus at Plutos request and then named the god of Medicine |
| Panacea | goddess of medical herbs |
| Quinine | Medicine made from the bark of the Peruvian Cinchona tree to treat malaria |
| First anesthetic | cocaine, which lead way for procaine or novacaine |
| Shen Nung | Chinese emporer @3000bc, first know trial and error testing on herbs and plant. established over 365 herbs for health treatments |
| advantages for synthetic drugs | cost, effectiveness and availability |
| salicylic acid | found in the bark of the white willow tree, derived by chemists. a synthetic called acetylsalicylic acid is now popularly known as Aspirin |
| Papyrus Ebers | Egyptian 1100 pg scroll from 1500bc that includes 800 prescriptions and using about 700 plants |
| Shen Nung Pen Tsao | the first official Chinese herbal listing- 365 herbs for treatments. early forerunner to the FDA |
| Dioscorides | Greek Physician who wrote De Materia Medica. 5 books that describe over 600 plants and healing properties |
| Galen | greek physician who believed that their are 4 "humors" in good health. Advocated "bleedin" to assist in the balance. |
| Synthetic | with chemicals combining simpler chemicals into more complex compounds. not found in nature. |
| Pharmacology | Study of drugs and their properties, uses and applications and effects |
| Pharmacognosy | Derived from the greek word Pharmakon, the study of physical or chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs as well as the search for new drugs |
| pharmacopeia | an authoritative listing of drugs and issues related to their use |
| Pharmaceutical | of or about drugs, also a drug product. |
| Panacea | a cure all |
| Materia Medica | generally pharmacology but also refers to the drugs in use |
| Antitoxin | a substance that acts against a toxin in the body; also a vaccine containing antitoxins is used to fight disease |
| Antibiotic | substance which harms or kills microorganisms like bacteria or fungi |
| hormones | chemicals produced by the body that regulate body function and process |
| human genome | complete set of genetic material contained in a human cell |
| prescription | a drug that has been ordered by a physician to treat a patient |
| OBRA | Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act- requires pharmacists to counsel Medicaid patients about their prescriptions |
| Results of managed care | 1. majority of prescriptons now being paid for by private 3rd parties such as HMO's 2. a trend toward using formularies that are approved for use. Lists rely substantially on substituting generic drugs 3. Theraputic substitution= same function but less $ |
| Data | information entered into and stored in a computer |
| Louis Pasteur | Showed that heat can kill microorganisms associated with food spoilage |
| Fleming | discovered penicillin can kill bacteria |
| Watson and crick | identified the structure of DNA |
| Patenting | protects against illeagal copying of new discoveries |
Created by:
megancarter
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