Question 1

1.	What is a group seeking to control the government by gaining office in elections?

Accepted Answer

2.	A political party

Question 2

3.	What is especially true of political parties today?

Accepted Answer

4.	They are relatively weak

Question 3

5.	How does a party give the candidate party identification?

Accepted Answer

6.	Its use as a label

Question 4

7.	What are two  ways to measure the strength of a party?

Accepted Answer

8.	Party identification and strength of party organization

Question 5

9.	There are three segments of an American political party. Which segment is the largest?

Accepted Answer

10.	Party-in-the-electorate

Question 6

11.	What are the three segments of an American political party?

Accepted Answer

12.	Party-in-government, party-in-the-electorate, party as an organization

Question 7

13.	What is the only thing you have to do to become a member of an American political party?

Accepted Answer

14.	Claim to be a member

Question 8

15.	Are American political parties as powerful as European parties?

Accepted Answer

16.	No

Question 9

17.	Out of the three segments of an American political party, where do the key spokespersons come from?

Accepted Answer

18.	Party-in-government

Question 10

19.	What do we call the model that claims there are three segments of the American political party?

Accepted Answer

20.	“three-headed political giant” model

Question 11

21.	What segment of the American political party system keeps the party running between elections and makes party rules?

Accepted Answer

22.	Party as an organization

Question 12

23.	Who make up the Party-in-Government?

Accepted Answer

24.	Winning candidates

Question 13

25.	Who make up the Party-in-the-Electorate?

Accepted Answer

26.	People who identify with the party

Question 14

27.	What is the number one goal of parties?

Accepted Answer

28.	Win elections

Question 15

29.	What do linkage institutions do?

Accepted Answer

30.	Link public preferences to political leaders

Question 16

31.	What are the key linkage institutions?

Accepted Answer

32.	Parties, interest groups, media, elections

Question 17

33.	What do you call a party’s endorsement of a candidate to represent the party as they run for office?

Accepted Answer

34.	Nomination

Question 18

35.	What helps pick policymakers, run campaigns, advocate polities, coordinates policymaking, and gives cues to voters?

Accepted Answer

36.	Political parties

Question 19

37.	Why do the major American political parties tend toward middle-of-the-road stands on major issues?

Accepted Answer

38.	Most voters (the electorate) are centrists

Question 20

39.	What does rational-choice theory say a wise party will do?

Accepted Answer

40.	Select policies that are widely favored (popular)

Question 21

41.	What percentage of Americans think there are important differences between the two major parties?

Accepted Answer

42.	66%

Question 22

43.	What do recent polls on party identification show?

Accepted Answer

44.	More independents than Republicans or Democrats

Question 23

45.	What do you call voting with one party for one office and another for other offices?

Accepted Answer

46.	Ticket-splitting

Question 24

47.	Have the differences between the Two Parties been perceived to have increased or decreased since 1980?

Accepted Answer

48.	Increased

Question 25

49.	What party has taken the biggest hit from the increased number of independents since 1952?

Accepted Answer

50.	Democrats

Question 26

51.	In order of party identification rank the two major parties and independents from most to least.

Accepted Answer

52.	Independent, Democrat, Republican

Question 27

53.	Are most voters conservative, liberal, or moderate?

Accepted Answer

54.	Moderate

Question 28

55.	What affect has a growing number of independents had on parties?

Accepted Answer

56.	Caused some decline

Question 29

57.	What is an overall description of American political party organizational structure?

Accepted Answer

58.	Decentralized, fragmented

Question 30

59.	What is a huge reason to explain America’s political decentralization compared to European countries?

Accepted Answer

60.	Federalism

Question 31

61.	How is power fragmented in the major American political parties?

Accepted Answer

62.	National, state, local

Question 32

63.	What dominated many large American cities from the late-nineteenth century through the New Deal years?

Accepted Answer

64.	Corrupt party machines

Question 33

65.	Party machines were popular. What did they rely on to reward friends and punish enemies?

Accepted Answer

66.	Patronage

Question 34

67.	What State has the strongest parties in America?

Accepted Answer

68.	Pennsylvania

Question 35

69.	What has happened to state party organizations since 1960?

Accepted Answer

70.	More powerful, more organized

Question 36

71.	What state has notably weak political parties?

Accepted Answer

72.	California

Question 37

73.	Who gets to vote in a Closed Primary?

Accepted Answer

74.	Only voters who have already registered with the party

Question 38

75.	Who gets to vote in an Open Primary?

Accepted Answer

76.	Voters choose on election day which party primary to vote in

Question 39

77.	What can a voter do in a blanket primary?

Accepted Answer

78.	Vote for candidates from either party

Question 40

79.	What is the effect of a closed primary?

Accepted Answer

80.	Encourages party loyalty

Question 41

81.	What is the effect of a blanket primary?

Accepted Answer

82.	Greatly discourages party loyalty

Question 42

83.	What are loose aggregations of state parties?

Accepted Answer

84.	American national parties

Question 43

85.	How often does each party hold a national convention?

Accepted Answer

86.	Every 4 years

Question 44

87.	What is the supreme power within each party?

Accepted Answer

88.	National convention

Question 45

89.	Who selects the time and place for the national convention?

Accepted Answer

90.	National committee

Question 46

91.	The rules determining the number of delegates from each state are determined by the _______

Accepted Answer

92.	National committee

Question 47

93.	Do the Democrats and Republicans use the same formula for apportioning delegates for the National Convention?

Accepted Answer

94.	No

Question 48

95.	How has changing rules on delegate allocation affected the Two Parties?

Accepted Answer

96.	Republican Party has become more conservative, Democratic Party more liberal

Question 49

97.	What did Democratic reformers set out to do to delegate selection in the 1970s?

Accepted Answer

98.	Weaken party leaders and make the party itself more democratic

Question 50

99.	What was the goal of the Hunt Commission?

Accepted Answer

100.	To increase the influence of party leaders on the delegate process

Question 51

101.	What do you call elected officials and party leaders who serve as delegates and are not pledged in advance to a presidential candidate?

Accepted Answer

102.	Superdelegate

Question 52

103.	Democratic state parties who break rules lose what percentage of their delegates?

Accepted Answer

104.	25%

Question 53

105.	Why were national party conventions developed?

Accepted Answer

106.	To replace party caucuses

Question 54

107.	What keeps the party operating between conventions?

Accepted Answer

108.	National committee

Question 55

109.	Who chooses the chair of the party in control of the White House?

Accepted Answer

110.	President

Question 56

111.	What level of party organization has declined the most?

Accepted Answer

112.	Grassroots level

Question 57

113.	Political parties depend on these; a set of individuals and groups that support it.

Accepted Answer

114.	Coalition

Question 58

115.	Who is responsible for the day-to-day activities of the national party?

Accepted Answer

116.	National Chairperson

Question 59

117.	What attracts individual voters and coalitions to specific parties?

Accepted Answer

118.	Party performance and policy

Question 60

119.	How well do political candidates hold to the promises they make during an election?

Accepted Answer

120.	They keep most of them

Question 61

121.	What do contemporary candidates run on?

Accepted Answer

122.	Their personal record more than their party’s record

Question 62

123.	Why is it difficult for parties to make their candidates responsible to the party agenda?

Accepted Answer

124.	Decentralized, no tool to discipline officeholders, candidates are self-selected

Question 63

125.	According to Gerald Pomper, how often do parties break their promises on major party platforms?

Accepted Answer

126.	10%

Question 64

127.	What do we call a period of history defined by which party is dominant?

Accepted Answer

128.	Party era

Question	Answer
1. What is a group seeking to control the government by gaining office in elections?	2. A political party
3. What is especially true of political parties today?	4. They are relatively weak
5. How does a party give the candidate party identification?	6. Its use as a label
7. What are two ways to measure the strength of a party?	8. Party identification and strength of party organization
9. There are three segments of an American political party. Which segment is the largest?	10. Party-in-the-electorate
11. What are the three segments of an American political party?	12. Party-in-government, party-in-the-electorate, party as an organization
13. What is the only thing you have to do to become a member of an American political party?	14. Claim to be a member
15. Are American political parties as powerful as European parties?	16. No
17. Out of the three segments of an American political party, where do the key spokespersons come from?	18. Party-in-government
19. What do we call the model that claims there are three segments of the American political party?	20. “three-headed political giant” model
21. What segment of the American political party system keeps the party running between elections and makes party rules?	22. Party as an organization
23. Who make up the Party-in-Government?	24. Winning candidates
25. Who make up the Party-in-the-Electorate?	26. People who identify with the party
27. What is the number one goal of parties?	28. Win elections
29. What do linkage institutions do?	30. Link public preferences to political leaders
31. What are the key linkage institutions?	32. Parties, interest groups, media, elections
33. What do you call a party’s endorsement of a candidate to represent the party as they run for office?	34. Nomination
35. What helps pick policymakers, run campaigns, advocate polities, coordinates policymaking, and gives cues to voters?	36. Political parties
37. Why do the major American political parties tend toward middle-of-the-road stands on major issues?	38. Most voters (the electorate) are centrists
39. What does rational-choice theory say a wise party will do?	40. Select policies that are widely favored (popular)
41. What percentage of Americans think there are important differences between the two major parties?	42. 66%
43. What do recent polls on party identification show?	44. More independents than Republicans or Democrats
45. What do you call voting with one party for one office and another for other offices?	46. Ticket-splitting
47. Have the differences between the Two Parties been perceived to have increased or decreased since 1980?	48. Increased
49. What party has taken the biggest hit from the increased number of independents since 1952?	50. Democrats
51. In order of party identification rank the two major parties and independents from most to least.	52. Independent, Democrat, Republican
53. Are most voters conservative, liberal, or moderate?	54. Moderate
55. What affect has a growing number of independents had on parties?	56. Caused some decline
57. What is an overall description of American political party organizational structure?	58. Decentralized, fragmented
59. What is a huge reason to explain America’s political decentralization compared to European countries?	60. Federalism
61. How is power fragmented in the major American political parties?	62. National, state, local
63. What dominated many large American cities from the late-nineteenth century through the New Deal years?	64. Corrupt party machines
65. Party machines were popular. What did they rely on to reward friends and punish enemies?	66. Patronage
67. What State has the strongest parties in America?	68. Pennsylvania
69. What has happened to state party organizations since 1960?	70. More powerful, more organized
71. What state has notably weak political parties?	72. California
73. Who gets to vote in a Closed Primary?	74. Only voters who have already registered with the party
75. Who gets to vote in an Open Primary?	76. Voters choose on election day which party primary to vote in
77. What can a voter do in a blanket primary?	78. Vote for candidates from either party
79. What is the effect of a closed primary?	80. Encourages party loyalty
81. What is the effect of a blanket primary?	82. Greatly discourages party loyalty
83. What are loose aggregations of state parties?	84. American national parties
85. How often does each party hold a national convention?	86. Every 4 years
87. What is the supreme power within each party?	88. National convention
89. Who selects the time and place for the national convention?	90. National committee
91. The rules determining the number of delegates from each state are determined by the _______	92. National committee
93. Do the Democrats and Republicans use the same formula for apportioning delegates for the National Convention?	94. No
95. How has changing rules on delegate allocation affected the Two Parties?	96. Republican Party has become more conservative, Democratic Party more liberal
97. What did Democratic reformers set out to do to delegate selection in the 1970s?	98. Weaken party leaders and make the party itself more democratic
99. What was the goal of the Hunt Commission?	100. To increase the influence of party leaders on the delegate process
101. What do you call elected officials and party leaders who serve as delegates and are not pledged in advance to a presidential candidate?	102. Superdelegate
103. Democratic state parties who break rules lose what percentage of their delegates?	104. 25%
105. Why were national party conventions developed?	106. To replace party caucuses
107. What keeps the party operating between conventions?	108. National committee
109. Who chooses the chair of the party in control of the White House?	110. President
111. What level of party organization has declined the most?	112. Grassroots level
113. Political parties depend on these; a set of individuals and groups that support it.	114. Coalition
115. Who is responsible for the day-to-day activities of the national party?	116. National Chairperson
117. What attracts individual voters and coalitions to specific parties?	118. Party performance and policy
119. How well do political candidates hold to the promises they make during an election?	120. They keep most of them
121. What do contemporary candidates run on?	122. Their personal record more than their party’s record
123. Why is it difficult for parties to make their candidates responsible to the party agenda?	124. Decentralized, no tool to discipline officeholders, candidates are self-selected
125. According to Gerald Pomper, how often do parties break their promises on major party platforms?	126. 10%
127. What do we call a period of history defined by which party is dominant?	128. Party era
129. What begins or makes certain a new party era?	130. Critical election
131. What do we call the process that creates a new party era?	132. Party realignment
133. What tend to be the causes of American party realignment?	134. Major national crisis (Civil War, Great Depression, Vietnam War/Oil Shock)
135. Why was Washington opposed to political parties?	136. He thought it threatened government legitimacy
137. How did the Founders see political parties?	138. As self-interested, ambitious factions
139. What was the basis of the early political parties?	140. Geography and class
141. When did political parties form a comprehensive organization and appeal?	142. From Civil War to the 1930s
143. What was the First Party System in America?	144. Federalists v. Democratic-Republicans
145. What party was dominant in the first Party Era?	146. Democratic-Republicans
147. What is another name for the Democratic-Republicans?	148. Jeffersonians
149. Who was the last Federalist President?	150. John Adams
151. What was the attitude of parties toward each other in the beginning?	152. They wanted to destroy each other.
153. What issue sparked the development of America’s first political parties?	154. Hamilton’s efforts to have Congress establish a national bank.
155. Why are policy positions in party platforms important?	156. When in power, nearly ¾ result in policy action
157. How do demographic groups play into party realignment?	158. New coalitions are formed among demographic groups in a realignment
159. What was the first political party?	160. Federalists
161. Who was the first President identified as a Democrat?	162. Andrew Jackson
163. What were the two parties in the second party era?	164. Democrats v. Whigs
165. Who argued a governing party needed a loyal opposition to represent minority interests?	166. Martin Van Buren
167. The election in 1828 of this President forged a new dominant political coalition.	168. Andrew Jackson
169. How was Andrew Jackson’s party organization a first?	170. Organized from bottom up with a party convention
171. Under the old caucus system, who selected Presidential candidates?	172. Members of Congress
173. Why switch from the old Caucus system to a Convention system?	174. To give some local control to the process
175. This party only won the presidency with old, popular war heroes.	176. Whigs
177. When did the Republicans emerge as powerful political party?	178. 1850s
179. What was the main difference between other parties and the Republicans?	180. Republicans were the principal Anti-Slavery party
181. When did Republican dominance end?	182. 1932
183. What party were Progressives a faction of?	184. Republicans
185. What reforms did Progressives fight for?	186. Nonpartisan elections, civil service reform, strict voter registration
187. What did the Progressives succeed in doing?	188. Reducing corruption
189. What did the Progressive fail in doing?	190. Settling the problem about how to select candidates
191. What was it about Party Machines that Progressives disliked?	192. The high degree of control by party leaders over members
193. When were Party Machines most common?	194. Late 19th and early 20th century
195. Old-Style Machines counted on support from this group?	196. Civil servants
197. What policies helped end Party Machines?	198. Hatch Act of 1939, welfare programs, competitive bidding laws
199. What do initiatives and referendums allow for?	200. More direct say in making laws
201. What do we call the dominant political coalition formed by the Great Depression?	202. New Deal Coalition
203. What party did the New Deal Coalition support?	204. Democrats
205. What President formed the New Deal Coalition?	206. FDR
207. Why was the 1896 election important?	208. Gave Republicans control of the North.
209. What caused Republicans to lose in 1832?	210. Hoover’s policies toward the Depression
211. What were these groups members of; Southerners, African-Americans, union members, Catholics, Jews?	212. New Deal Coalition
213. What has characterized American government since 1968?	214. Divided government
215. What has been the tendency in balance of power between the parties in the Executive and Legislative branches from 1968 to 2000?	216. Republicans usually had the Presidency while Democrats usually dominated Congress
217. What do we call people gradually moving away from both parties?	218. Dealignment
219. What has happened to party loyalty in the last 30-40 years?	220. Decreased
221. What 1968 issue divided Democrats creating an opportunity for Nixon to win?	222. Johnson’s Vietnam policies
223. During the 1960s and 1970s this party became more bureaucratic and this party became more factionalized.	224. Republicans, Democrats
225. During the 1970s and 1980s, this party excelled at giving legal and financial advice to candidates, analyzing issues and voting trends, and using computerized mailing lists to raise funds.	226. Republicans
227. Since 2000, this party has excelled at fundraising through the internet, computer analysis of voting trends, and use of computers in getting out the vote.	228. Democrats
229. What has caused parties to have decreasing influence on voters and government?	230. Party dealignment
231. These kinds of parties bring new issues to the agenda, new groups into the electorate, vent frustration, can act as spoilers, but win very few elections.	232. Third parties
233. Whose 1992 and 1996 campaigns are an example of a party serving as an extension of a strong individual personality?	234. Ross Perot’s campaigns
235. What issues did Ralph Nader draw attention to while driving away some votes from Al Gore?	236. Environmental issues
237. What kind of Third Party was George Wallace’s American Independents Party?	238. Splinter party
239. What was the first true Anti-Slavery party?	240. Free Soil Party
241. Who selects candidates in the American winner-take-all system?	242. Electorate in Primaries
243. How do most states select candidates for office?	244. Primary elections
245. Who selects candidates in European proportional systems?	246. Party leaders
247. How do most democracies award seats in the national legislature?	248. Proportional representation
249. What kind of party system does proportional representation encourage?	250. Multi-party system
251. How does a multi-party system affect the differences in policy positions of parties?	252. Makes them more distinct
253. What political rewards does a party get in a winner-take-all system if they don’t win?	254. Nothing
255. What political rewards does a party get in a proportional system if they don’t “win”?	256. They get a portion of the representation based on the number of votes they collected.
257. What party system moderates conflict and promotes ambiguity in policy positions?	258. Two party system
259. How do weak parties affect the size or scope of government?	260. It’s hard for them to grow or shrink government
261. One of the reasons party control over American politics is increasingly weak is because of the growing influence of this linkage institution.	262. Media
263. What Third Parties value principle above all else?	264. Ideological parties
265. What does Barbara Mikulski identify as the training grounds for national political activists today?	266. Social movements
267. When you join a party to be with friends you are in a __________	268. Solidary group
269. When you join a party to support a charismatic leader you are in a _______	270. Personal following
271. What is an example of a sponsored party?	272. UAW sponsorship of political involvement in Detroit
273. What is the way most candidates today try to win elections; through ideology, solidary incentives, patronage, or a personal following?	274. Personal following
275. What are some political families that have built personal followings?	276. Kennedys, Wallaces, Clintons, Bushes
277. How many countries in the world have a two-party system?	278. 15
279. What do you have to do to win in a Pluralist system?	280. Appeal to the middle
281. Who was the most recent independent candidate for President to get on the ballot in every state?	282. Ross Perot
283. What kind of Third Party are the Libertarian and Socialist Parties?	284. Ideological parties
285. What kind of party was Wallace’s American Independent Party?	286. Factional or splinter party
287. What kind of Third Party was the Populist Party?	288. Economic protest party
289. What kinds of Third Parties last the longest?	290. Ideological parties
291. What Third Parties have had the most impact on elections?	292. Splinter or factional parties

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APG Ch 8 Parties

Political Parties

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