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BioPsych Kalat Ch 4
Nervous System
| neuroanatomy | the anaomy of the nervous system |
| central nervous system | the brain and the spinal cord |
| periperal nervous system | connects the brain and spinal cord to he rest of the body |
| somatic nevous system | part of the peripheral nervous system -conveys messages in from the sense organs to the CNS and out to the muscles. -part of each cell is in the CNS & part in PNS |
| Question: In the somatic nervous system the axons to the _________ are an __________ from ___________ in the __________. | muscles / extension / cell bodies / spinal cord |
| autonomic nervous system | part of the peripheral nervous system -controls the heart, intestines, and other organs -has some cell bodies within brain and spinal cord and some in clusters along the sides of the spinal cord |
| spinal cord | part of the central nervous system within the spinal column -communicates with all the sense organs and muscles except those of the head -each segment has a sensory and a motor nerve on each side |
| dorsal root ganlia | cell bodies of the sensory neurons are in clusters outside the spinal cord |
| Question: In most cases, a neuron cluster outside the CNS is call a _________, and a cluster inside the CNS is called a __________. | ganglion / nucleus |
| Question: Cell bodies of the motor neurons are _______ the spinal cord. | inside |
| gray matter | the H-shaped center of the spinal cord densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites |
| white matter | mostly consisting of the melinated axons of many spinal cord neurons sending these axons from the gray matter to the brain or other parts of the spinal cord |
| Question: Each segment of the spinal cord sends ______ __________ to the brain and receives ___________ __________ from the brain | sensory information / motor commands |
| Question: What are the most likely outcomes if the spinal cord is cut at a given segment? | the brain loses sensation from that segment and belop. The brain loses motor control over all parts of the body served by that segment and the lower ones |
| Question: The ______ _______ on each side carries sensory information to the spinal cord | dorsal root |
| Question: The _______ ______ coveys motor commands to the muscles | ventral root |
| Question: Name the two parts of the autonomic nervous system | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| sympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system -a network/chains of ganglia to the left and right of the spinal cord's central regions -prepares organs for "fight or flight" -closely linked ganglia "in sympathy" |
| parasympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system conserves energy facilitates vegatative, nonemergency responses -decreases heart rate / increases digestive activity |
| Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system | acetylcholine |
| Neurotransmitte of the sympathetic nervous system | norepinephrine |
| True/False: long pre-ganglionic axons extend from the spinal cord to parasympathetic ganglia then shorter postganlionic fibers from the parasympathetic into the organs themselves | true |
| the parasypmathetic nervous system is also known as the | craniosacral system |
| ventricles | four fluid-filled cavities containing cerebrospinal fluid |
| cerebrospinal fluid | reservoir of hormones and nutrition for the brain and spinal cord |
| The hindbrain (the brainstem) consists of the | medulla / pons / cerebellum |
| limbic system | includes: olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and cingulate gyrus |
| the cerebral cortex includes: | frontal lobe / parietal lobe / temporal lobe / occipital lobe / cerebellum |
| temporal lobe | -target for auditory information and essential for processing spoken language -processes complex aspects of vision (object,face recognition) |
| prefrontal cortex | higher functions such as abstract thinking and planning responsible for our ability to remember recent events and information (“working memory”) Regulates impulses and emotion |
| How do we know about brain function? Name 4 research Methods | 1. correlate brain anatomy with behavior 2. record brain activity during behavior 3. brain damage effects 4. brain stimulation |
| areas affected by grey matter loss in early onset schizophrenia | memory, hearing, motor functions, attention |
| Functional magnetic resonance imaging | uses oxygen consumption in the brain to provide a moving and detailed picture |
| Name two research methods examining the effects of damage to the brain using laboratory animals | 1. Lesion techniques: purposely damaging parts of the brain 2. Ablation techniques: removal of specific parts of the brain |
| cingulotomy | |
| transcranial magnetic stimulation: | the application of intense magnetic fields to temporarily inactivate neurons |
Created by:
mrosshogan
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