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BHS phy sci unit 7

Chapters 12 & 13

TermDefinition
alkali metal Metal in group 1 of the periodic table that has one valence electron and is highly reactive.
alkaline Earth metal Metal in group 2 of the periodic table that has two valence electrons and is very reactive but less so than an alkali metal
atomic mass unit (amu) SI unit for the mass of an atom, where 1 amu = the mass of a proton (about 1.7 × 10-24 g).
atomic number Number of protons in an atom.
electron Negatively charged atomic particle outside the nucleus of an atom.
electron cloud Area surrounding the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be.
energy level Areas located at fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom where electrons can orbit the nucleus.
group Column of the periodic table that contains elements with similar properties.
halogen Nonmetal in group 17 of the periodic table that has seven valence electrons and is highly reactive.
ion Positively or negatively charged form of an atom that has lost or gained electron(s).
isotope Atom of an element that differs in number of neutrons from other atoms of the element.
mass number Number of protons plus neutrons in an atom;about equal to the atom’s mass in atomic mass units (amu).
metal Class of elements that are good conductors of electricity.
metalloid Class of elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals.
neutron Electrically neutral atomic particle inside the nucleus of an atom.
noble gas Nonmetal in group 18 of the periodic table that has eight valence electrons (or two in the case of helium) and is unreactive.
nonmetal Class of elements that do not conduct electricity.
nucleus Tiny region in the center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons and makes up almost all of an atom’s mass.
orbital Region of an energy level in the electron cloud around an atom where electrons are most likely to be.
period Row of the periodic table that contains elements ranging from metals on the left to metalloids and then nonmetals on the right.
periodic table Table of elements arranged by increasing atomic number (modern periodic table) or by increasing atomic mass (Mendeleev’s periodic table).
proton Positively charged atomic particle inside the nucleus of an atom.
quark Particle of matter that makes up protons and neutrons.
transition metal Metal in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table that is hard and shiny and less reactive than metals in groups 1 and 2.
valence electron Electron in the outer energy level of an atom that is potentially involved in chemical reactions.
Created by: ballen1209
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