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PS - Light (Ch. 18)
Light - Ch. 18 - Prentice Hall PS - Science Explorer
Term | Definition |
---|---|
transparent material | a material that transmits light without scattering |
translucent material | a material that scatters light as it passes through |
opaque material | a material that reflects or absorbs all of the light that strikes it |
primary color | three colors that can be used to make any other colors |
secondary color | any color produced by combining equal amounts of any two primary colors |
complementary color | any two colors that combine to form white light or black pigment |
pigment | a colored substance used to color other materials |
ray | a straight line used to represent a light wave |
regular reflection | reflection that occurs when parallel rays of light hit a smooth surface and all reflect at the same angle |
diffuse reflection | reflection that occurs when parallel rays of light hit a rough surface and reflect at all different angles |
plane mirror | a flat mirror that produces an upright, virtual image the same size as an object |
image | a copy of an object formed by reflected or refracted rays of light |
virtual image | an upright image formed where rays of light appear to meet or come from |
concave mirror | a mirror with a surface that curves inward |
optical axis | an imaginary line that divides a mirror in half |
focal point | the point at which light rays parallel to the optical axis meet, or appear to meet, after being reflected (or refracted) by a mirror (or lens) |
real image | an upside-down image formed where rays of light meet |
convex mirror | a mirror with a surface that curves outward |
index of refraction | a measure of the amount a ray of light bends when it passes from one medium to another |
mirage | an image of a distant object caused by refraction of light as it travels through air of varying temperature |
lens | a curved piece of glass or other transparent material that is used to refract light |
convex lens | a lens that is thicker in the center than at the edges |
concave lens | a lens that is thinner in the center than at the edges |
cornea | the transparent front surface of the eye |
pupil | the opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the inside of the eye |
iris | the ring of muscle that controls the size of the pupil and gives the eye its color |
retina | the layer of cells that lines the inside of the eyeball |
rods | cells in the retina that detect dim light |
cones | cells in the retina that respond to and detect color |
optic nerve | short, thick nerve that carries signals from the eye to the brain |
nearsighted | a condition that causes a person to see distant objects as blurry |
farsighted | a condition that causes a person to see nearby objects as blurry |
telescope | an optical instrument that forms enlarged images of distant objects |
refracting telescope | a telescope that uses two convex lenses to form images |
objective | a lens that gathers light from an object and forms a real image |
eyepiece | a lens that magnifies the image formed by the objective |
reflecting telescope | a telescope that uses a concave mirror to gather light from distant objects |
microscope | an optical instrument that forms enlarged images of tiny objects |
camera | an optical instrument that uses lenses to focus light, and film to record an image of an object |
laser | a device that produces a narrow beam of coherent light |
hologram | a three-dimensional photograph created using lasers |
optical fiber | a long, thin strand of glass or plastic that can carry light for long distances without allowing the light to escape |
total internal reflection | the complete reflection of light by the inside surface of a medium |