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Hristina Bundalo
Chapter 8.1 8.3 8.4 & 10.1 10.4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Solute | substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution |
| solvent | substance in which the solute dissolves |
| dissociation | process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves |
| dispersion | breaking into small pieces that spread throughout the water |
| ionization | process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons |
| acid | compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
| indicator | any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base |
| base | compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| neutralization | the reaction between and acid and a base |
| salt | during neutralization, the negative ions in acids combine with the positive ions in a base |
| pH | of a solution it is the measure of its hydronium ion concentration |
| buffer | solution that is resistant to large changes in pH |
| electrolyte | substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water |
| radioactivity | process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy |
| radioisotope | any atom containing an unstable nucleus |
| nuclear radiation | charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes |
| alpha particle | positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons the same as a helium nucleus |
| beta particle | an electron emitted by an unstable nucleus |
| gamma ray | a penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus |
| background radiation | nuclear radiation that occurs naturally inthe environment |
| strong nuclear force | the attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
| fission | the splitting of an atomic nucleus into smaller parts |
| chain reaction | neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fusions |
| critical mass | smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction |
| fusion | process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus |
| plasma | state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons |
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hristina.bundalo
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