click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cailynne
Chapter 8&10 Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
solute | a substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution |
sovlent | a substance in which a solute dissolves |
dissociation | the separation of ions in ionic compound as the compound dissolves |
dispertion | the process of dissolving by breaking into smaller pieces |
ionization | the process by which neutral molecules gain or lose molcules |
solubility | the maximum amount of solute that normally dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature |
saturated solution | a solution that contain as much solute as the solvent can normally hold at a given temperature |
unsaturated solution | a solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature |
supersaturated solution | a solution that contains more solute than the solvent can normally hold at a given temperature |
concentration | the amount if solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent |
molarity | the number of moles of a dissolved solute per liter of solution |
acid | the compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
indicator | a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base |
base | compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
neutralization | chemical reactions between an acid and a base |
salt | ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a base |
pH | measure of hydronuim ion concentration of a solution |
buffer | solution that is resistant to a large changes in an object placed in it |
electrolyte | compound that produces ions when it dissolves |
radioactivity | the process in which unstable atomic nucleus emits large particles and energy |
radioisotope | isotope with an unstable nucleus |
nuclear radiation | charged particles and electromagnetic waves that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes |
alpha particle | positively charged particle emitted by certain radioactive nuclei made up of two protons and two neutrons a helium nucleus |
beta particle | electron emitted by an unstable nucleus |
gamma ray | penetrating form of radiation emitted by an unstable nucleus |
background radiation | nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the enviorment |
half-life | the time required for one half of a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay |
transmutation | the conversion of one element to another through nuclear reaction |
transuranium elements | |
strong nuclear force | the powerful attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
fission | a nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus in split into two smaller parts |
chain reaction | a series of fission reactions triggered by neutrons released during the fission of a nucleus |
critical mass | the smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction |
fusion | a nuclear reaction in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus |
plasma | a state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons |
quark | a subatomic particle theorized to be among the basic units of matter |