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PSY 416 Ch. 3
Attention
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Selectivity | The selective aspects of attention--we pay attention to some aspects of our enviornment and ignore other aspects. |
| Bottleneck Theory | A theory that attempts to explain how people select info when some info=processing stage becomes overloaded with too much information |
| Concentration | investing mental effort in one or more tasks |
| Mental Effort | The amount of mental capacity required to perform a task. |
| Capacity Theory | A theory that proposes that we have a limited amount of mental effort to distrobute across tasks, so there are limitations on the number of tasks we can perform at the same time. |
| Filter Model | The proposition that a bottleneck occurs at the pattern recognition stage and that attention determines what info reaches the pattern recognition stage. |
| Limited-capacity perceptual channel | The pattern recognition stage of Broadbent's model, which is protected by the filter (attention) from becoming overloaded with too much perceptual info. |
| Shadowing | An experimental method that requires people to repeat the attended message out loud. |
| Contextual Effect | The influence of the surrounding context on the recognition of patterns. |
| Threshold | The minimal amoung of activation required to become consciously aware of a stimulus. |
| Attenuation | A decrease in the perceived loudness of an unattended message. |
| Late-Selection Model | Proposal that the bottle-neck occurs when info is selected for memory. |
| Allocation of Capactiy | When a limited amound of capacity is distributed to various tasks. |
| Arousal | A physiological state that influences the distribution of mental capacity to various tasks. |
| Enduring Disposition | An automatic influence where people direct their attention. |
| Momentary Intention | A conscious decision to allocate attention to certain tasks or aspects of the environment. |
| Multimode Theory | A theory that proposes that people's intentions and the demands of the task determine the IP stage at which info is selected. |
| Subsidiary Task | A task that typically measures how quickly people can react to a target stimulus to evaluate the capacity demands of the primary task. |
| Automatic Processing | Performing mental operations that require very little mental effort. |
| Stroop Effect | The finding that it takes longer to name the color of the ink a word is printed when the word is the name of a competing color (i.e. the word red printed in blue ink) |
| Incidental Learning | Learning that occurs when we do not make a conscious effort to learn. |
Created by:
nga
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