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PSY 416 Ch. 2
Pattern Recognition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pattern Recognition | The stage of perception during which a stimulus is identified. |
| Tachitoscope | A box that presents visual stimuli at a specified duration and level of illumination. (Not used anymore) |
| Template | An unanylized pattern that is matched against alternative patterns by using the degrees of overlap as a measure of similarity. |
| Sensory Store | The part of memory that hold unanalyzed sensory info for a fraction of a second, providing an opportunity for additional analysis following the physical termination of a stimulus. |
| Interstimulus Interval | The amount of time b/t the end of a stimulus and the beginning of another stimulus. |
| Feature Theory | A theory of pattern recognition that describes patterns in terms of their parts or features. (/ + \ + - = A) |
| Perceptual Confusion | A measure of the frequency with which two patterns are mistakenly identified as each other. |
| Distinctive Feature | A feature present in one pattern but absent in another, aiding one's discrimination of the two patterns. |
| Caricature | An exaggeration of distinctive features to make a pattern more distinctive. |
| Structural Theory | A theory that specifies how the features of a pattern are joined to other features of the pattern. |
| Geons | Different 3-D shapes that combine to form 3-D patterns. |
| Whole-report Procedure | A task that requires observers to report everything they see in a display of items. |
| Partial-report Procedure | A task in which observers are cued to report only certain items in a display of items. |
| Visual Information Store (VIS) | A sensory store that maintains visual information for approx. 1/4 of a second. |
| Rehersal | Repeating verbal information to keep it active in STM or to transfer it into LTM. |
| Auditory Information Store | In Sperling's model: maintains verbal information in STM through rehersal. |
| Serial Processing | Carrying out one operation at a time, such as pronouncing one word at a time. |
| Parallel Processing | Carrying out more than one operation at a time, such as looking at an art exhibit and making conversation. |
| Scan Component | The attention component of Sperling's model that determines what is recognized in the visaul information store. |
| Detection Paradigm | A procedure in which observers have to specify which of the two possible target patterns is present in a display. |
| Word Superiority Effect | The finding that accuracy in recognizing a letter is higher when the letter is in a word than when it appears alone or is in a nonword. |
| Interactive Activation Model | A theory that proposes that both feature knowledge and word knowledge combine to provide info about the ID of letters in a word. |
| Excitatory Connection | A positive association between concepts that belong together, as when a vertical line provides support for the possibility that a letter is K. |
| Inhibitory Connection | A negative association b/t concepts that do not belong together, as when the presence of a vertical line provides negative evidence that a letter is a C. |
| Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) | When information is simulatenously collected from different sources and combined to reach a decision. |
| Neural Network Model | A theory in which concepts (nodes) are linked to other concepts through excitatory and inhibitory connections to approximate the behavior of neural networks in the brain. |
| Nodes | The format for representing concepts in a semantic network. |
| Activation Rule | A rule that determines how inhib. and excit. connections combine to determine the total activation of a concept. |
Created by:
nga
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