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Ally Brown
Chapter 8 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solute | A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution |
Solvent | The substance in which the solute dissolves |
Dissociation | The process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves |
Dispersion | Breaking into small pieces that spread throughout water |
Ionization | The process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons |
Acid | A compound that produces hydronium ions |
Indicator | Any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base |
Base | A compound that produces hydroxide ions |
Neutralization | The reaction between an acid and a base |
Salt | The negative ions in an acid combine with the positive ions in a base |
pH | A measure of its hydronium ion concentration |
Buffer | A solution that is resistant to large changes in pH |
Electrolyte | A substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water. |
Radioactivity | The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy |
Radioisotope | Any atom containing an unstable nucleus |
Nuclear Radiation | Charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes |
Alpha particle | A positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons |
Beta particle | An electron emitted by an unstable nucleus |
Gamma ray | A penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus |
Background radiation | Or nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment |
Strong Nuclear Force | The attractive force that binds the particles of the nucleus |
Fission | The splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts |
Chain reaction | Neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fusions |
Critical Mass | The smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction |
Fusion | A process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus |
Plasma | A state of matter in which atoms have been stropped of their electrons. |