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Lauren Reynolds
Chapter 8 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Solute | A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution. |
| Solvent | The substance in which the solute dissolves. |
| Dissociation | The process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves. |
| Dispersion | Breaking into small pieces that spread throughout the water. |
| Ionization | The process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons. |
| Acid | A compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water. |
| Indicator | Any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base. |
| Base | A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. |
| Neutralization | The reaction between an acid and a base. |
| pH | A measure of its hydronium ion concentration. |
| Buffer | A solution that is resistant to large changes in pH. |
| Electrolyte | A substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water. |
| Salt | Created when negative ions in an acid combine with the positive ions in a base. |
| Radioactivity | The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. |
| Radioisotope | Any atom containing an unstable nucleus. |
| Nuclear Radiation | Charged particles and energy taht are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes. |
| Alpha Particle | A positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons. |
| Beta particle | An electron emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
| Gamma Ray | A penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
| Strong Nuclear Force | The attractive that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. |
| Chain Reaction | Neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus triger a serious of nuclear fissions. |
| Fusion | A process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus. |
| Plasma | A state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons. |
| Fission | The splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts. |
| Critical Mass | The smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction. |
| Backround Radiation | Nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment. |