click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 8,10 Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solute | A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution. |
Solvent | The substance in which the solute dissolves. |
Dissociation | The process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves. |
Dispersion | Breaking into small pieces that spread throughout water. |
Ionization | The process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons. |
Solubility | The maximum amount of a solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature |
Saturated solutions | One that contains as much solute as |
Acid | A compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
Base | A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
Neutralization | The reaction between an acid and base |
Indicator | Any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base |
Salt | The negative ions in an acid combine with the positive ions in a base to produce an ionic compound |
pH | The measure of a solution's hydronium ion concentration |
Buffer | A solution that is resistant to large changes in pH |
Electrolyte | A substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water. |
Radioactivity | The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. |
Radioisotope | Any atom containing an unstable nucleus. |
Nuclear Radiation | Charged particles and energy that are emit from nuclei of radioisotopes. |
Alpha Particle | A positively charged particle made up of two protons and. two neutrons. |
Beta Particle | An electron emitted by an unstable nucleus |
Gamma Ray | A penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
Background Radiation | Nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment. |
Strong Nuclear Force | The attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. |
Chain Reaction | Neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fissions. |
Critical Mass | Smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction. |
Fusion | A process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus. |
Plasma | A state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons. |