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Gabby Miller
Chapter8&10Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Solute | a substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution |
| Solvent | the substance in which the solute dissolves in |
| Dissociation | the process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves |
| Dispersion | breaking into small pieces that spread throughout the water |
| Ionization | the process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons |
| Acid | a compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
| Indicator | any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base |
| Base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| Neutralization | the reaction between an acid and a base |
| Salt | the negative ions in an acid combine with the positive ions in a base to produce and ionic compund |
| pH | a measure of its hydronium ion concentration |
| Buffer | a solution that is resistant to large changes in pH |
| Electrolyte | a substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when is dissolves in water |
| Radioactivity | the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charges particles and energy |
| Radioisotope | an atom containing an unstable nucleus |
| Nuclear Radiation | charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes |
| Alpha Particle | a positively charged particle made up of two neutrons--the same as a helium nucleus |
| Beta Particle | an electron emitted by an unstable nucleus |
| Gamma Ray | a penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus |
| Background Radiation | nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment |
| Strong Nuclear Force | the attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
| Fission | the splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts |
| Chain Reaction | neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fissions |
| Critical Mass | the smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction |
| Fusion | a process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus |
| Plasma | a state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons and contains two kinds of particles--nuclei and electrons |
Created by:
Gabrielle.Miller
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