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Lisa Gabel
Chapter 8 and 10
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solute | A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution. |
Solvent | A substance in which a solute dissolves. |
Dissociation | The separation of ions in an ionic compound as the compound dissolves |
Dispersion | The process of dissolving by breaking into smaller pieces |
Ionization | The process by which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons |
Acid | A compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water; a proton donor. |
Indicator | A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base. |
Base | A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water;a proton acceptor. |
Neutralization | A chemical reaction between an acid and a base. |
Salt | An ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a base. |
pH | A measure of the hydronium ion concentration of a solution. |
Buffer | A solution that is resistant to large changes in pH. |
Electrolyte | A compound that produces ions when it dissolves. |
Radioactivity | The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. |
Radioisotope | An isotope with an unstable nucleus. |
Nuclear Radiation | Charged particles and electromagnetic waves that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes. |
Alpha Particle | A positively charged particle, emitted by certain radioactive nuclei, made up of two protons and two neutrons; a helium nucleus. |
Beta Particle | An electron emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
Gamma Ray | A penetrating form of radiation emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
Background Radiation | Nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment. |
Strong Nuclear Force | The powerful attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. |
Fission | A nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus is split into two smaller parts. |
Chain Reaction | A series of fission reactions triggered by neutrons released during the fission of a nucleus. |
Critical Mass | The smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction. |
Fusion | A nuclear reaction in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus. |
Plasma | A state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons. |