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Lisa Gabel
Chapter 8 and 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Solute | A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution. |
| Solvent | A substance in which a solute dissolves. |
| Dissociation | The separation of ions in an ionic compound as the compound dissolves |
| Dispersion | The process of dissolving by breaking into smaller pieces |
| Ionization | The process by which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons |
| Acid | A compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water; a proton donor. |
| Indicator | A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base. |
| Base | A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water;a proton acceptor. |
| Neutralization | A chemical reaction between an acid and a base. |
| Salt | An ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a base. |
| pH | A measure of the hydronium ion concentration of a solution. |
| Buffer | A solution that is resistant to large changes in pH. |
| Electrolyte | A compound that produces ions when it dissolves. |
| Radioactivity | The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. |
| Radioisotope | An isotope with an unstable nucleus. |
| Nuclear Radiation | Charged particles and electromagnetic waves that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes. |
| Alpha Particle | A positively charged particle, emitted by certain radioactive nuclei, made up of two protons and two neutrons; a helium nucleus. |
| Beta Particle | An electron emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
| Gamma Ray | A penetrating form of radiation emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
| Background Radiation | Nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment. |
| Strong Nuclear Force | The powerful attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. |
| Fission | A nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus is split into two smaller parts. |
| Chain Reaction | A series of fission reactions triggered by neutrons released during the fission of a nucleus. |
| Critical Mass | The smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction. |
| Fusion | A nuclear reaction in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus. |
| Plasma | A state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons. |
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lisag5678
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