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Medical Terminology
Chapter 3: The Skeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acetabulum | The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint (also known as the hip socket) |
| -ago | Abnormal condition, disease |
| all/o ; all- | Other, Different from normal , reversal |
| ankyl/o | Crooked, bent stiff |
| -ation | State or action |
| aut/o | Self |
| bifid/o | Split, divided into two parts |
| burs/o | Bursa, sac of fluid near joint |
| chondr/o, chondr/i | Cartilage |
| -clasis ; clast | Break down |
| cost/o | Rib |
| crani/o | Skull |
| -desis | To bind, tie together |
| dys- | Bad, difficult, painful |
| -ectomy | Surgical removal, sitting out, excision |
| -itis | Inflammation |
| kyph/o | Bent, hump |
| ligament/o | Ligament |
| -listhesis | Slipping |
| lord/o | Curve, swayback, bent |
| lumb/o | Lower back, loin |
| lux/o | To slide |
| -lysis | Breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening |
| -malacia | Abnormal softening |
| myel/o | Spinal cord, brain marrow |
| -oma | Tumor, neoplasm |
| -osis | Abnormal condition, disease |
| oss/e ; oss/i ; oste/o ; ost/o | Bone |
| -ous | Pertaining to |
| -penia | Deficiency, lack, too few |
| per- | Excessive, through |
| plas/l ; plas/o | Development, growth, formation |
| -plasty | Surgical repair |
| poly- | Many |
| prosth/o ; prosthet/o | Addition, appendage |
| -rrhaphy | Surgical suturing |
| scoli/o | Curved, bent |
| spin/o | Spine, backbone |
| spondyl/o ; vertebr/o | Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone |
| -stenosis | Abnormal hardening |
| sub- | Under, less, below |
| synovi/o ; synov/o | Synovial membrane, synovial fluid |
| talip/o | Foot and ankle deformity |
| -um | Singular noun ending |
| valg/o | Bent or twisted outward |
| Allogenic | Originating within another |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | The loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure |
| Arthrodesis | A surgical procedure to stiffen a joint |
| Arthrolysis | Surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint |
| Arthroscopy | Visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope |
| Autologous | Originating within an individual |
| Bone Density Testing (BDT) | A diagnostic test to determine losses or changes in bone density |
| Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) | Cancer treatment in which abnormal bone marrow is destroyed and replaced with new stem cells |
| Bone Reabsorption (or resorption) Inhibitor Drug | A group of drugs that inhibit mineralization or resorption of the bone by blocking the action of osteoclasts; treat postmenopausal and glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis, Paget's Disease |
| Calcium Drug Classification | A group of drugs that treat and prevent hypocalcemia; calcium carbonate (BN: Tums, Oystercal), calcium citrate (BN: Citracal, Citrate 250) |
| Chondroma | A slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells |
| Chondromalacia | Abnormal softening of the cartilage |
| Close Reduction (CR) | The attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation |
| Comminuted Fracture | A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed |
| Compression Fracture | A fracture in which the bone is pressed together on itself |
| Costochondritis | An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum |
| Craniostenosis | A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures |
| Crepitation | The grating sound heard when the end of a broken bone move together |
| Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry DXA | A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density |
| Fibrous Dysplasia | A bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaced it with fibrous (scar-like) tissue |
| Fracture (fx) | A broken bone |
| Hallux Valgus | An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe |
| Hemarthrosis | Blood within a joint |
| Hemopoietic | Pertaining to the formation of blood or blood cells |
| Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) | An autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 years or less, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue |
| Kyphosis | An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side |
| Laminectomy | The surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebras |
| Lordosis | An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine |
| Lumbago | Pain of the lumbar region of the spine |
| Malleolus | A rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint |
| Manubrium | The bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum |
| Metacarpals | The five bones that form the palms of the hand |
| Matatarsals | The five bones that form part of the foot to which the toes are attached |
| Myeloma | A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells of the red bone marrow |
| Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) | Medications administered to control pain by reducing inflammation and swelling |
| Open Fracture | A fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin |
| Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) | A fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place; not usually removed after the fracture is healed |
| Opioid Drug Classification | A group of powerful medications that can help manage pain when prescribed for the right condition and when used properly; narcotics such as morphine, oxycodone |
| Orthopedic Surgeon | A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving bones, joints, and muscles |
| Orthotic | A mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function |
| Osteitis | Inflammation of bone |
| Osteoarthritis (OA) | A degenerative joint disease characterized by the wearing away of the articular cartilage within the joints; most commonly associated with aging |
| Osteochondroma | A benign bony projection covered with cartilage |
| Osteomalacia | Abnormal softening of bones in adults |
| Osteomyelitis | Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone |
| Osteonecrosis | The death of bone tissue due to an insufficient blood supply |
| Osteopenia | Thinner than average bone density |
| Osteoporosis (OP) | A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging |
| Osteoporotic Hip Fracture | A fracture of a hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall |
| Osteorrhaphy | Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones |
| Paget's Disease | A bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation |
| Partial Knee Replacement (PKR) | A procedure in which only part of the knee is replaced |
| Pathologic Fracture | Occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain |
| Percutaneous Vertebroplasty | Treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fracture by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column |
| Periostitis | Inflammation of the periosteum |
| Podiatrist | A doctor that specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot |
| Polymyalgia Rheumatica | A geriatric inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness |
| Prosthesis | A substitute for a diseased or missing body part |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) | A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the synovial membranes and other body tissues, are inflamed and thickened |
| Rickets | A deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth sue to vitamin D deficiency |
| Salicylate Drug Classification | A group of drugs that includes aspirin and related compounds; used to relieve pain (mild to moderate), reduce inflammation, and lower fever |
| Scoliosis | An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| Spina Bifida | A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord |
| Spiral Fracture | A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart |
| Spondylolisthesis | The forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it |
| Spondylosis | A degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function |
| Subluxation | The partial displacement of a bone from its joint |
| Synovectomy | The surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint |
| Talipes | Any congenital deformity of the foot involving the ankle bones |
| Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) | Surgical replacement of the hip joint with an artificial prosthesis; another name for a Total Hip Replacement (THR) |
| Total Hip Replacement (THR) | Surgery performed to restore a damaged hip to full function by removing the head of the femur and replacing it with a metal ball |
| Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) | A surgical procedure in which parts of the knee joint are replaced with prostheses; another name for a Total Knee Replacement (TKR) |
| Total Knee Replacement (TKR) | Surgical placement of an artificial joint during which all parts of the knee are replaced |
| Vertebra ; Vertebrae | The 26 bony units of the the spinal column |
| -algia | Pain, suffering, painful condition |
| Osteoclasis | The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity |
Created by:
Jensen20