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RADT 308 Unit 6
Wrist, Forearm, and Elbow
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most commonly fractured carpal | Scaphoid |
| Increase mAs 25-30% or increase 3-4kV | Fiberglass cast |
| Increase mAs 100% or increase 8-10 kV | Large or wet plaster cast |
| Increase mAs 50-60% or increase 5-7 kV | Small to medium dry plaster cast |
| Displacement from joint | Dislocation |
| Partial dislocation | Subluxation |
| Rupture or tearing of connective tissues | Sprain |
| Bruise without fracture | Contusion |
| Closed fracture | Simple Fracture |
| Open fracture,bone breaks through the skin | Compound Fracture |
| Fracture with bone splintered or crushed at site of impact, two or more fragments | Comminuted Fracture |
| Fracture with fragments driven into each other | Impacted Fracture |
| Fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius involving the wrist joint | Barton's Fracture |
| Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone, extends into the carpometacarpal joint, subluxation with posterior displacement | Bennett's Fracture |
| Most common in the 5th metacarpal | Boxer's Fracture |
| Transverse fracture of the distal radius, fragment displaced posteriorly | Colles' Fracture |
| Transverse fracture of the distal radius with distal fragment displaaced anteriorly, Reverse of Colles' fracture | Smith's Fracture |
| Positioning considerations for upper limb | 40 inch SID, gonadal shielding, 4-sided collimation, long axis of part with long axis of IR, marker visible |
| Number of bones in hand and wrist | 27 bones |
| Number of metacarpals in hand | 5 |
| Number of carpals in wrist | 8 |
| Number of phalanges in fingers and thumb | 14 |
| First metacarpal is on the ________ side | Thumb or Lateral |
| Metacarpals articulate with phalanges to form ___________ joint | Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint |
| Metacarpals articulate with carpals to form ___________ joint | Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint |
| First metacarpal articulates with _______ | Trapezium |
| Second metacarpal articulates with ________ | Trapezium |
| Third metacarpal articulates with _________ | Capitate |
| Fourth and Fifth metacarpal articulates with ________ | Hamate |
| Boat-shaped bone, largest carpal in the proximal row | Scaphoid |
| Scaphoid articulates with the ________ proximally | Radius |
| Moon-shaped carpal of the proximal row, articulates with the radius and the capitate in the distal row | Lunate |
| Pyramid shaped carpal | Triquetrum |
| Smallest of the carpal bones | Pisiform |
| Smallest carpal in the distal row, wedge-shaped | Trapezoid |
| Largest of the carpal bones | Capitate |
| This carpal has the hamulus | Hamate |
| Hooklike process of the hamate | Hamulus |
| The concave area or groove, major nerves and tendons pass through | Carpal Sulcus |
| Forearm bone on the lateral side | Radius |
| Forearm bone on the medial side | Ulna |
| Small conical projections, located on distal ends of radius and ulna | Styloid Process |
| Small depression on the medial aspect the distal radius | Ulnar Notch |
| Forms the distal radioulnar joint | Head of ulna and ulnar notch |
| Head of the ulna located at the _____ end of the ulna | Distal |
| Head of radius located at the ________ end of the radius | Proximal |
| Shortest bone of the forearm | Radius |
| Which forearm bone is part of the wrist joint | Radius |
| Rough oval process on medial and anterior side of radius | Radial Tuberosity |
| During pronation, the _____rotates around the ________ | Radius, Ulna |
| Forearm bone that is part of the elbow joint | Ulna |
| Longest forearm bone | Ulna |
| Two beaklike processes on proximal ulna | Olecranon process and coronoid process |
| Also known as Exostosis | Osteochondroma |
| Most common benign bone tumor, commonly in persons 10-20 years old, arises from outer cortex, common in the knee | Osteochondroma |
| Fluid-filled joint space with possible calcifications | Bursitis |
| Calcifications in the carpal sulcus | Carpal tunnel syndrome |
| Disruption in the bony cortex with soft tissue swelling | Fracture |
| Fluid-filled joint cavity | Joint effusion |
| Narrowing of joint space with periosteal growths on the joint margins | Osteoarthritis |
| Soft tissue swelling and loss of fat pad detail visibility | Osteomyelitis |
| Marble Bone, chalky white or opaque appearance, lack of distinction between bony cortex and trabeculae | Osteopetrosis |
| A decrease in bone density, thin cortex | Osteoporosis |
| Mixed areas of sclerotic and cortical thickening, radiolucent lesions, cotton wool appearance | Paget's Disease |
| The first CMC joint is what type of joint? | sellar or saddle-type |
| The second through fifth CMC joints are what type of joint? | plane or gliding-type |
| The _______ is the only bone of the forearm to articulate with carpal bones. | radius |
| The two carpals that articulate with the radius. | scaphoid and lunate |
| Another name for the wrist joint | radiocarpal joint |
| Angle for PA Axial Scaphoid- Ulnar Deviation | 10-15 degrees |
| Degree of CR angle for the Gaynor Hart Method | 25-30 |
| Epicondyles are_______ to IR for the AP forearm | parallel |
| Degree of rotation for PA Oblique wrist | 45 degrees |
| SID for upper limb | 40 inches |
| True or false: the long axis of body part should be positioned to the long axis of the IR. | True |
| What should happen to bring carpals closer to the IR? | arch hand |
| CR enters _______ for PA wrist. | midcarpal area |
| What should be done if patient unable to fully extend elbow? | 2 views- one forearm parallel, one humerus parallel |
| Both the wrist and elbow joints must be included for forearm projections? True of False | True |
| CR enters_____ for forearm | midforearm |
| Elbow should be flexed _____ degrees for lateral forearm. | 90 degrees |
| Wrist:PA Radial Deviation requires the hand to be rotated toward the ______. | thumb side |
| Another name for the Gaynor Hart Method | Carpal Canal(Tunnel_ Tangential Inferosuperior Projection |
| CR enters _______ for the Gaynor Hart Method | 2-3 cm distal to base of 3rd metacarpal, center of palm of hand |
| This projection requires 10 degree internal rotation of hand and wrist. | Gaynor Hart Method |
| Hand and wrist should be in a true lateral position for this projection. | Lateral Forearm |
Created by:
lawebster
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