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Emotion Ch. 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Internal Factors of Body Regulation | These refer to physiological changes and psychological sensations that motivate Temperature regulation Thirst and drinking Hunger and eating |
| Homeostasis | maintain constant internal body conditions To restore constancy following offset disturbances Example, sweat when hot or shiver when cold to restore internal body temperature to set point |
| Negative Feedback System | self-correcting process that reduces discrepancy between desired (set point) state and actual state |
| Physiological need | discrepancy between set point and actual physiological state, e.g., drop in blood glucose below a set point or level of iron level in blood is below set point |
| Alliesthesia: | a change in a person’s internal physiological state determines whether a stimulus is judged pleasant or unpleasant |
| Energy homeostasis | balance between energy input gained from food minus energy output for metabolism, thermic effect, and physical activity |
| Resting metabolism | energy for maintenance of body and brain when person is inactive, at rest |
| Thermic effect | energy used to digest, absorb, and store food |
| Physical activity | energy used for voluntary activity and spontaneous activity |
| Carrying cost | energy used to carry one’s weight |
| Hypothalamus monitors ? | body’s energy, such as glucose and fat |
| Hormones critical for energy homeostasis | CCK, leptin, and ghrelin |
| Cholecystokinin (CCK | a short-term inhibitor of hunger and eating, released from upper part of small intestine |
| Leptin | a hormone released by adipose (fat) tissue that is associated with long-term energy conservation and expenditure Decreased leptin is linked with energy conservation and increased leptin with energy expenditure |
| Ghrelin | a hormone that is released from stomach Ghrelin rises before meal times and declines rapidly after eating |
| Satiety | means that hunger is gratified, feel content, replenished energy stores, and inhibits eating |
| number of calories eaten | determines how full a person feels |
| Cephalic responses | physiological reactions to the sight and aroma of food Sight and aroma of food increases hunger, salivation, secretion of gastric juices, and insulin |
| Palatability | hedonic value of food |
| Sensory specific satiety | decrease in response to sensory characteristics of food, e.g., flavor and texture Sensory specific satiety resembles stimulus habituation and leads to decreased liking and consumption of a particular food |
| Mere exposure effect | repeated food-tastings tends to increase liking for that food |
| Taste aversion | strong dislike for a particular food due to the association of taste and smell with nausea |
| Boundary model: | a person sets boundaries of when to start and when to stop eating Boundaries define zone of biological indifference Boundaries are under cognitive control |
| Restraint | the cognitive effort that is used to resist the urge to eat |
| Restrained eaters | resist the physiological pressures to eat that hunger produces |
| Palatable food | intensifies the pressure of hunger |
| Anorexia nervosa: | a condition, usually in young women, typified by extreme weight loss(less than 85% of normal body weight), distorted body image, and trouble distinguishing when hungry or full They have very high cognitive control for not eating |
| Refeeding syndrome | individuals with anorexia nervosa have an adverse reaction to eating that results from the body’s lost ability to digest food Their incentive value of handling food is high Their incentive value of eating food is low |
Created by:
seanzy25
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