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Chapter 8 Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Solute Substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution.
Solvent Substance in which the solute dissolves.
Dispersion Breaking into small pieces that spread throughout the water.
Ionization Process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons.
Dissociation Process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves.
Acid Compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water.
Indicator Any substance that changes color in the presence of en acid or base.
Base Compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
Neutralization Reaction between an acid and a base.
Salt The negative ions in an acid combine with the positive ions in a base to produce an ionic compound.
pH Measure of its hydronium ion concentration.
Buffer Solution that is resistant to large changes in pH.
Electrolyte Substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water.
Radioactivity Process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy.
Radiostope Any atom containing an unstable nucleus.
Nuclear Radiation Charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes.
Alpha Particle Positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons.
Beta Particle Electron emitted by an unstable nucleus.
Gamma Ray Penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus.
Background Radiation Nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment.
Strong Nuclear Force Attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus.
Fission Splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts.
Chain Reaction Neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fission.
Critical Mass Smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction.
Fusion Process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus.
Plasma State of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons.
Created by: vanessa.sarver
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