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Chapter 8 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solute | Substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution. |
Solvent | Substance in which the solute dissolves. |
Dispersion | Breaking into small pieces that spread throughout the water. |
Ionization | Process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons. |
Dissociation | Process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves. |
Acid | Compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water. |
Indicator | Any substance that changes color in the presence of en acid or base. |
Base | Compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. |
Neutralization | Reaction between an acid and a base. |
Salt | The negative ions in an acid combine with the positive ions in a base to produce an ionic compound. |
pH | Measure of its hydronium ion concentration. |
Buffer | Solution that is resistant to large changes in pH. |
Electrolyte | Substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water. |
Radioactivity | Process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. |
Radiostope | Any atom containing an unstable nucleus. |
Nuclear Radiation | Charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes. |
Alpha Particle | Positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons. |
Beta Particle | Electron emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
Gamma Ray | Penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
Background Radiation | Nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment. |
Strong Nuclear Force | Attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. |
Fission | Splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts. |
Chain Reaction | Neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fission. |
Critical Mass | Smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction. |
Fusion | Process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus. |
Plasma | State of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons. |