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Ch 8&10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solute | a substance whose particles are dissolved in solution |
| solvent | a substance in which a solute dissolves |
| dissociation | the separation of ions in an ionic compound dissolves |
| dispersion | the process of dissolving by breaking into smaller pieces |
| ionization | the process bybwhich neutral molecules gain pr lose electrons |
| acid | a compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
| indicator | a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base |
| base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| neutralization | a chemical reaction an acid and a base |
| salt | an ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a base |
| pH | a measure of the hydronium ion concentration of a solution |
| Buffer | a solution that is resistant to large changes in pH |
| electorlyte | a compound that produces ions when it dissolves |
| radioactivity | the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy |
| radioisotope | an isotope with an unstable nucleus |
| nuclear radiation | charged particles and electromagnetic waves that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes |
| alpha particle | a positively charged particle, emitted by certain radioactive nuclei made up of two protons and two neutrons a helium nucleus |
| beta particle | an electron emitted by an unstable nucleus |
| gamma ray | a penetrating form of radiation emitted by an unstable nucleus |
| background radiation | nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the enviroment |
| strong nuclear force | the powerful attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
| fission | a nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus is split into two smaller parts. |
| chain reaction | a series of fission reactions triggered by neutrons released during the fission of a nucleas |
| critical mass | the smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction |
| fusion | a nuclear reaction in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus |
| plasma | a state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons |
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