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chapter 8&10 vocab
chapter 8 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solute | is a substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution. |
| solvent | the substance in which the solute dissolves . |
| dissociation | the process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves. |
| dispersion | sugar dissolves in water by dispersion, or breaking into small pieces that spread throughout water. |
| ionization | the process in which neutral molecules gain or loose electrons. |
| acid | is a compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water. |
| indicator | is any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base. |
| base | is a compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. |
| neutralizatoin | the reaction between an acid and base. |
| salt | during neutralization, the negative ions in an acid combine with the positive ions in a base to produce an ionic compound called salt. |
| pH | the pH of a solution is a measure of its hydronium ion concentration |
| buffer | is a solution that is resistant to large changes in pH. |
| electrolyte | is a substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water. |
| radioactivity | is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. |
| radioisotope | any atom containing an unstable nucleus |
| nuclear radiation | is charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes. |
| alpha particle | is a positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons |
| beta particle | is an electron emitted by an unstable nucleus . |
| gamma ray | is a penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
| backround radiation | or nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment. |
| strong nuclear force | is the attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the neutrons. |
| fission | is the splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts. |
| chain reaction | neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fissions. |
| critical mass | the smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction. |
| fusion | is a process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus. |
| plasma | is a state of matter in which two atoms have been stripped of their electrons. |