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Psychology
Psychology 1 TEST 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| scientific study of behavior and mental processes | psychology |
| any action that other ppl can observe/measure ex: walking, talking, sleeping | behavior |
| private mental processes ex: dreams, perceptions, thoughts | cognitive activities |
| something we can can't see, touch, or measure, you know they are there ex: thoughts, memories | psychological constructs |
| statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are, and why they happen the way they do | theory |
| Two ways behavior can be measured | simple observation & labatory instruments |
| examples of cognitive activities | dreams, perceptions, thoughts, memory |
| five goals of psychology | observe, describe, explain, predict, control >>> the events they study |
| how is psychology related to the social sciences | deals with structure of human society and the nature of the individuals who make up society |
| how is psychology related to natural sciences | concerned with nature of the physical world, and seek to answer questions by following stephs invlolved in scientific research |
| research that has no immediate application and is done for its own sake | basic research |
| difference between a psychologist who "researches" and one who "consults" | research: helpds determine what is wrong and then recomends them to a pyschologist who "consults" with them to help cope with there problems |
| help ppl w/pyschological problems; help clients overcome problems and adjust to the demands of their lives; help ppl who have problems w/ relationships, drug abuse, and weight control | clinical psychologist |
| typically treat ppl who have adjustment problems; help clients clarify their goals, overcome adjustment problemts | counseling psychologist |
| helps students identify problems interfering with learning; may administer various types of tests; observe students in classrooms to see how they interact with teachers and peers | school psychologist |
| what is the difference between a school psychologist and an education psychologist? | a school psychologist works with an individual, while an educational psychologist works with the school as a whole |
| what four changes in a persons life does a developmental psychologist study? | physical, emotional, cognitive, social |
| job of a personality psychologist? | identify characterstics or traits |
| three issues a social psychologist might study? | how women and men behave typically in given situations; physical and psychological factors that attract ppl to one another; reasons ppl tend to confor to group standards and expectations |
| three characteristics of an experimental psychologist | conduct research into basic processes such as functions of nervous system; explore pathways in which things triggor memory; focus on relationships between biologican changes |
| looking within, carefully examining our thoughts and feelings | introspection |
| concerned with discovering the basic elements of concious experience | structuralism |
| concerned with how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment | functionalism |
| "shape/form" based on idea that perceptions are more than sums | gestalt psychology |
| emphasizes importance of unconcsious motives and internal conflicts | psychoanalysis |
| stresses influences of unconscious forces on human behavior | psychoanalytic perspective |
| these ideas come from? :::"know thyself"human behavior is subject to certain rules and lawsppl seek pleasure and avoid pain | Aristotle |
| Two catagories of consciousness | objective sensations (sight, taste); subjective feelings (emotional responses, mental images) |
| concerned with how mental processes help organisms sdapt to their environment; methods of functionalism included behavioral observation in the lab as well as introspection; believed adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained b/c they are succes | school of functionalism |
| how did john b watson see consciousness? | as a private event that is known only to the individual |
| how did B.F. Skinner add to the behaviorist movement? | believed ppl/animals can learn complex behavior patterns if reinforced the right ways; believed ppl learn in the same way animals do |
| what ways do gestalt psychologist differs from behaviorists? | learning is mechanical; demonstrated that much learning is accomplished by insight |
| two examples from sigmund freud | importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts; assumed most of what exists in an individuals mind is unconscious |
| deals with nervous system, glands, hormones, genetic factors; believe that biological processes influence behavior and mental processes | biological |
| focuses on evolution of behavior and mental processes; many kinds of behavior patterns have a hereditary basis | evolutionary |
| deals with mental images, information processing, thinking and language; believe that ppl's behavior is influenced by their values, perceptions and choices (church) | cognitive |
| deals with importance of consciousness, self-awareness, and capacity to make choices; believe we are free to choose our own behavior | humanistic |
| study unconscious process, early childhood experiences; unconscious motives influence behaviors | psychoanalytic |
| studies environmental influences, habitual behavior, and observational learning; believes personal experience and reinforcement guided individual developments | learning |
| studies influences of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status; believes sociocltural, biological, and psychological factors created individual differences | sociocultural |
| ppl can change their environment or created new ones | social learning theory |
Created by:
lauren233
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