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Chapter 8 & 10
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solute | A substance who's particles are dissolved in a solution |
Solvent | The substance in which the solute dissolves |
dissociation | the process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves. |
dispersion | breaks into smaller pieces as it dissolves. |
ionization | the process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons |
acid | an acid that produces hydronium ions |
indicator | an substance that changes color in an acid or base |
base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions |
neutralization | the reaction between an acid and a base |
salt | what is created after neutralization |
pH | a solutions measure of its hydronium ion consentration |
buffer | a solution that is resistant to large changes in pH |
electroyle | a substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it is turned into water |
radioactivity | a process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles |
radioisotope | an atom containing an unstable nucleus |
nuclear radiation | charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes |
alpha particle | a positively charged particle made up from two protons and neutrons |
beta particle | an electron emitted by an unstable nucleus |
gamma ray | a penetrated ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus |
background radiation | nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment |
strong nuclear force | is the attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
fission | is a splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts |
chain reaction | neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fissions |
critical mass | the smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction |
fusion | a process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus |
plasma | state of atoms in which they are stripped of their electrons |